I'm arguing it's mostly not the rich who're doing the resource allocating. It's managers, vice-presidents, advisers, CEOs, etc. In other words, the people they hire to do it for them are the ones who are doing it.
I understand you to be saying that the rich are contributing by deciding which hedge fund to invest in, or which financial adviser to hire.
I would argue that their income comes mostly from owning things, not from settling on a particular adviser.
Finally, I'd also argue that there is not a clear and necessary connection between increasing the wealth of the wealthy, and increasing the prosperity of the country as a whole; and that hedge funds are trying to do the first, and not the second; and that it is possible to make yourself or your client rich(er) at the expense of everyone else.
And I'm asking you to look a little closer, because the connection is very real. It's not about 'increasing the wealth of the wealthy', as you phrased it, but it is about increasing the wealth of investors who make good decisions, and decreasing the wealth of those who don't. That has a vital impact on the prosperity of the country.
Suppose there's an island where 100 people work and three guys own the land. What does their ownership contribute to production?
If they get 30% of everything, where does that 30% come from?
You've mentioned that you believe the rich get most of their income from 'owning' things, and I'd actually agree with that. But what does 'owning' something really mean? Ownership is about control. If you own something, you have the final say in how it gets used, right?
So, in your example, the 'guys' who own the land would be deciding what is done with that land. Let's say one of them decides it would be a good idea to grow tobacco and he convinces some of the other people on the island to help him plant and harvest the tobacco (perhaps by offering them partial ownership of the end product). Another decides to plant rice, and persuades some of the other islanders to join him in the effort. The third guy can't be bothered. He just hangs out on the beach, partying with his friends.
Hopefully you get the point of my clumsy allegory: The decisions these guys make will affect the future prosperity of the island.
That's what their 'ownership' contributes to production.
Your contention seems to be that there is no justification for pure 'profit' - at least not the kind that comes from investment. You write off investment profits as income from 'owning things' - as though that's inconsequential. But owning something IS an activity. It entails the responsibility to decide how the things you own are used. Those kinds of decisions, especially at the scale of capital investment, have a tremendous effect on all of us. It's crucial that they're made well.