And many questions remain to be answered about any U.S. involvement in a country that has been embroiled in factional fighting since U.S.-led airstrikes four years ago helped to topple the regime of Moammar Gadhafi, who was captured and slain by rebels. "What is the strategy?" asked Shashank Joshi, a security analyst with the Royal United Services Institute in London. "One-off degradation? Is there a ground component? Who provides the forces? "There are lots of unanswered questions."
Speaking recently, Gen. Joseph Dunford, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, did not offer details about the plan now under review, but he hinted at potential escalation in Libya that would likely involve an intensification of surveillance of Islamic State fighters and airstrikes like those conducted by the U.S.-led coalition in Iraq and Syria, where the group has its roots. "It's fair to say that we're looking to take decisive military action against ISIL in conjunction with the political process" in Libya, Dunford told a group of traveling reporters last week, using an abbreviation for the radical group. "The president has made clear that we have the authority to use military force."
Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Barry launches a Tomahawk missile in support of Operation Odyssey Dawn
The U.S, along with key allies, is now examining military plans that would aim to strike hard against Islamic State militants in Libya, who have taken advantage of the lawlessness to gain a foothold there. The fear is that the Islamic State can exploit the chaos in Libya to build another sanctuary - this time in an oil-rich country awash in weaponry that borders Western-backed Egypt and Tunisia - that could serve as a springboard to Europe only 300 miles across the Mediterranean to the north. A decision on the plan, which involves allies such as France, the United Kingdom and Italy, is "weeks" rather than "hours" away, but the goal is to "put a fire wall" between the Islamic State fighters in Libya and other extremist groups in Africa, Dunford told The New York Times.
But in Libya, the U.S. and its allies will encounter a fighting environment that is every bit as complicated as Iraq and Syria — if not more so, experts say. Shifting alliances among extremist groups and the many militias that hold battle space in Libya will make decisive action difficult, particularly with a reliance on airstrikes. "Libya is a mess," said Patrick Skinner, a former CIA case officer with the Soufan Group, a prominent global security firm. "The militias and extremist groups are aligned and at odds at different times. There's so many of them. It's like Syria, but with a more local established militia flair. And there is no clear line of demarcation between them."
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