It's complicated.
These "essential" or "inalienable" rights are what we supposedly secured by fighting off the British. Negative rights or limits to government powers over the people and States are granted in the Bill of Rights. However, the 14th equally limited State powers so, having already made the federal government paramount, State powers simply became more limited. Also, history teaches that being called "essential" or "inalienable" hasn't attached the permanence one might expect from such rights. I requested a federal law quote because we remain a nation based upon law -- not upon stuff just pulled and flung from one's behind, like
Because t
he 14th Amendment says so, you moron!
Equal protection and equally limited State power to deny "rights" being the idea behind what follows:
An equal protection condition being applied to some presumed, associated "right" that's still never actually been spelled out or formally granted federally. Screwing with "their citizens’ right to vote"? Who's they? Must mean one spelled out and granted by a State. Context is instructive, my fellow idiots.