1. Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 (1947)[1][2] was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court which
applied the religion clauses in the country's Bill of Rights to state as well as federal law. Prior to this decision the words, "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof,"[3] imposed limits on the federal government, while many states continued to grant certain religious denominations legislative or effective privileges.[4] This was the first Supreme Court case incorporating the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment as binding upon the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The decision in Everson marked a turning point in the interpretation and application of disestablishment law in the modern era.[5]"
Everson v. Board of Education - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Everson has been used as a cudgel to beat religion out of the public marketplace.
Context is especially important as
a) the words of the Constitution are clear.
and
b) The words of Hugo Black in Everson should not be viewed without the following:
2. “[Black's] affinity for church-state separation and the metaphor was
rooted in virulent anti-Catholicism. Philip Hamburger has argued that Justice Black,
a former Alabama Ku Klux Klansman, was the product of a remarkable "confluence of Protestant [specifically Baptist], nativist, and progressive anti-Catholic forces.... Black's association with the Klan has been much discussed in connection with his liberal views on race, but, in fact, his membership
suggests more about [his] ideals of Americanism," especially his support for separation of church and state. "Black had long before sworn, under the light of flaming crosses, to preserve ‘the sacred constitutional rights' of ‘free public schools' and ‘separation of church and state.'" Although he later distanced himself from the Klan,
"Black's distaste for Catholicism did not diminish." Hamburger, ‘Separation of Church and State’, pp. 423, 434, 462, 463
It is important to remember that judges are merely men who are charged with applying the Constitution.
Sadly, since the Progressive era began, law schools have
produced judges who have taken a view of themselves as being above the Constitution.They often impose their own views, without connection to the Constitution.
3. Chief Justice William Rehnquist speaks to this issue:
"[The Progressive idea]...Â…. seems instead to be based upon the proposition that federal
judges, perhaps
judges as a whole, have a role of their own,
quite independent of popular will, to play in solving societyÂ’s
problems. Once we have
abandoned the idea that the authority
of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional is somehow tied
to the language of the Constitution that the people adopted, a
judiciary exercising the power of judicial review appears in a
quite different light."
http://www.law.harvard.edu/students/orgs/jlpp/Vol29_No2_Rehnquist.pdf