PS Wong Kim Ark's parents were legal resident aliens, thus making themselves subject to the jurisdiction of the United States.
Wrong on Wong.
You see, there was no such thing as a 'legal resident alien' at that time...or, more to the point, no such thing as an illegal alien--unless, of course, you were Chinese.
The distinction twixt legal and illegal did not exist--unless you were an Asian ..there were no passports, no green cards and very few rules in 1898.
Not to mention that Wong was Chinese...and his parents probably
were illegal..under the Chinese Exclusion Act.
en.wikipedia.org
During the 18th and most of the 19th centuries, the United States had limited regulation of immigration and naturalization at a national level. Under a mostly prevailing "
open border" policy, immigration was generally welcomed, although citizenship was limited to "white persons" as of 1790, and naturalization was subject to five-year residency requirement as of 1802. Passports and
visas were not required for entry into America; rules and procedures for arriving immigrants were determined by local ports of entry or state laws. Processes for naturalization were determined by local county courts.<a href="
History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States - Wikipedia">"
History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States - Wikipedia">\"
History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States - Wikipedia"
In the course of the late 1800s and early 1900s, many policies regarding immigration and naturalization were shifted in stages to a national level through court rulings giving primacy to federal authority over immigration policy, and the Immigration Act of 1891. The Immigration Act of 1891 led to the establishment of the U.S. Bureau of Immigration and the opening of the
Ellis Island inspection station in 1892. Constitutional authority (Article 1 §8) was later relied upon to enact the
Naturalization Act of 1906 which standardized procedures for naturalization nationwide, and created the Bureau of Naturalization (initially joined with the Bureau of Immigration; later from 1933 to 2003, both functions were part of the
Immigration and Naturalization Service).<a href="
History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States - Wikipedia">"
History of laws concerning immigration and naturalization in the United States - Wikipedia">