During the 1930s, federal programs such as the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (created in 1933) and the
Federal Housing Administration (created in 1934) were established to encourage widespread home ownership and suburban development by making home loans and mortgages affordable. However, neighbourhoods that were mixed-race or predominantly
African American did not benefit from those programs, because their
credit was considered high-risk.
In 1948 the
U.S. Supreme Court, in the case
Shelley v. Kraemer, ruled that courts could not enforce racially restrictive practices.
Lack of redlining? Dude take your hood off sometime.
Citing eminent domain, the government forced Black landowners in Alexandria and Arlington to sell. Large apartment communities were built for white defense workers, such as Fairlington Village (reportedly the largest apartment complex in the country) and Chinquapin Village in Alexandria. A private company built Parkfairfax, where a restrictive covenant barred Black residents.
Eminent domain displaced historic Black communities, Notably, in February of 1942, in order to build the Pentagon and its surrounding roads, the federal government condemned East Arlington, giving the residents less than a month to evacuate.
Queen City, another nearby Black community, was razed at the same time to free up land next to the Pentagon for a cloverleaf to help commuters access nearby Washington Boulevard and Columbia Pike.
Successful black communities across this country were destroyed under the guise of eminent domain. That is fact.