Yes, most of them support ships. Here is a full list, look for yourself:
The commissioned U.S. Navy ships and non-commissioned district craft (both self-propelled and non-self-propelled) in the list below are sorted by type and hull number. Pearl Harbor is defined as the area inside the nets guarding the harbor entrance. Ships marked with an asterisk (*) were within...
www.history.navy.mil
Notice, the vast majority are support ships and not combat ships. And that means anything not a battleship, cruiser, or destroyer. Not sure what you think a bunch of tugs, minesweepers, tenders, oilers, and lighters are going to do in combat.
And as I said, Pearl Harbor is actually pretty big. Yes, the Battleships were at Ford Island.
See all those other inlets? That is where the other ships were at. All those oilers, tenders, minesweepers, and the like. None of which are combat ships.
You said you were in the Army. Consider those the 5 ton trucks, fuel tankers, logistics vehicles, and Jeeps that help keep the tanks and APCs moving. They are a critical part, but not a combat element. The Navy is no different. For every combat vessel, there are a dozen or more support vessels.
As for why the Japanese "Missed" the carriers, almost everybody should know that.
USS Saratoga (CV-3) was pulling into San Diego after finishing her sea trials after over 6 months in the yard in Washington for an overhaul. They were supposed to embark her air group the next week and return to Pearl.
USS Lexington (CV-2) was enroute to Midway on a ferry mission to deliver 18 Vindicator dive bombers. They were 500 knots away and when the attack happened were ordered to return to Pearl.
USS Enterprise (CV-6) was returning to Pearl after delivering a dozen Wildcats to Wake.
USS Langley (formerly CV-1, at that time seaplane tender AV-3) was in the Philippines. But she was no longer a carrier, she had been converted to a seaplane tender in 1936. But there were already plans to convert her back to a carrier.
There, that is the location of all the carriers in the Pacific. Most of our carriers were already busy in the Atlantic, patrolling convoy routes and other areas against German subs.
But why they missed the carriers should be obvious. For the last three months before the attack they were constantly in use, conducting their primary peacetime role of ferrying aircraft to other bases in the region. Saratoga was scheduled to deliver fighters to the Philippines along with the Enterprise if war had not broken out. They only returned to port long enough to refuel, do basic maintenance, then load on more aircraft before leaving again on their next ferry mission.
And no, I do not argue, I debate. There is a huge difference, and in case you did not notice I present a lot of facts and not opinions. But if you question me, feel free to look up what the carriers were doing at the time. It is hardly a secret.