...A variety of cultures in East and West Africa. All traces of culture in the enslaved blacks. It's not a question of whether these were advanced cultures or primitive ones. It's a question of knowing how to survive and teaching those skills to your children. If you interfere with this natural process of passing down skills from parents to children, you destroy a person's cultural inheritance...
Such as it was... not much of a loss, in most cases, although the price paid during the course of that loss was admittedly and frightfully and ashamedly high.
Then again, perhaps widespread African inter-tribal slavery had something to do with it...
And perhaps Muslim-Arab slave-traders from the Barbary coast should not have been plundering the African interior for Black slaves for centuries prior to finding the latest buyer-customers (white Euro types)...
And perhaps African tribal leaders should not have been selling their excess village populations to the Muslim-Arab slave-traders...
And perhaps the mercenary Black auxiliaries of those Muslim-Arab slave-traders should have refrained from acting as the hunter-muscle for their scum paymasters...
Yessireebob... one helluva cultural heritage there.
...No, it went far beyond that period, into Jim Crow and redlining. It only ended in the 1970's.
Oh, hell, it's still going on, to at least some extent. Given a choice, folks would rather live and work alongside those who look like them, and who share the same history.