Well,for a start you have a President who is more akin to being a gangster.
You have a country that is ethnically diverse but had its borders drawn up on an arbitrary basis.
There has been a civil war for several years which has been fed by post cold war politics.
You have a region that the West, and its neighbours, continues to pour weapons into.
Its a big knot to untie. And perhaps its not difficult to see why people are trying to get out.
As Chesterton once said: “when those stop believing in God they then do not believe in nothing, they will believe in anything.”
This is your most important quest, as is ours.
So you can analyze all your factors and pretend you have found the reason Syria is so screwed up and refugees abound and hatred abounds and everyone is killing everyone and your fine efforts will amount to nil.
The Middle East is wrought with sadness because there are dark spirits in that religion that will not allow peace with their neighbors, even amongst themselves. Quite a long history of it, even from its inception.
The father of this race / religion is Ishmael. Just reference Genesis 16 if you want to see a prophecy from the Jewish G-d fulfilled.
11And the angel also said to Hagar, “You are now pregnant and will give birth to a son. You are to name him Ishmael (which means ‘God hears’), for the LORD has heard your cry of distress. 12This son of yours will be a wild man, as untamed as a wild donkey! He will raise his fist against everyone, and everyone will be against him. Yes, he will live in open hostility against all his relatives.” (the New Living Bible translation)