They were invaded by North Vietnam. never by the US
It was never a civil war
What the ****? We had over half a million mostly drafted soldiers based there by 1968! With the constant rotations in and out there were many many more who served and got “educated” in Vietnam, and millions were radicalized in the U.S. at the same time. The Pentagon Papers revealed to the country that our leaders actually knew early on we could not win, but lied to us because once committed they found it impossible to admit it was a terrible mistake…
50 thousand U.S. dead, so many more injured and traumatized.
The “Great Society” died in the jungles of Vietnam. Three million Vietnamese dead on all sides. Peasants were driven from their ancestral villages and “collectivized” in “strategic hamlets” by the South Vietnamese military and U.S. CIA advisers. Almost all who served unwillingly were traumatized and many refused to fight, preferring to get high, or drunk. Most early super-“patriotic” gung-ho types learned the truth the hard way, if at all. Some
still cling to the German-like “stab-in-the-back” thesis that they were betrayed by liberals and communists in the U.S.A.
Sure, at first in Saigon — where Catholics and other anti-Communists had fled from Hanoi & the North after the French colonialists were defeated in their own Indochina War (financed by the U.S.) — some Vietnamese there, seeing the rising American presence, actually thought the communists
had to lose:
The Americans, after all, had conquered the world. Defeated the Japanese. They were so tall! They had unlimited guns, helicopters, bombers, ships, napalm! Money for bribes, for the economy, for women and “entertainment.” But it was all for naught, and even our planes and helicopters were shot out of the sky at high rates by Soviet supplied anti-aircraft — though the North was bombed “back into the Stone Age.” The Tet Offensive showed nowhere in South Vietnam was really pacified, the war wasn’t limited to “the jungles” and our enemy was fanatical in its hatred of us and desire for genuine independence.
Even the Anerican rulers and establishment journalists / propagandists like Walter Cronkite eventually realized this land war in Asia could never be won by the U.S. But Kissinger knew it could be “managed.” Indeed, as the Sino-Soviet split revealed, there were bigger more important fish to fry, especially as Indonesia had been stabilized for the West through civil conflict and mass murder. Any good historian could see the Vietnamese Communist nationalists were afraid of China. Maoist China could be used against Russia-aligned Vietnam and Vietnam could be used against China … with a better policy and an end to the war.