Did FDR oppose collective bargaining for government workers? | PolitiFact Wisconsin
Compared to the mountain of evidence on FDRÂ’s sympathetic stance on protections and rights for private laborers, the historical record on his attitude toward public-sector unions is less than a few inches high.
Walker cites an on-point and oft-quoted FDR letter that conservatives frequently highlight when arguing for limits on unions in the government sector. That letter, we found, dominates scholarly debate over RooseveltÂ’s views on this issue.
And itÂ’s easy to see why: The presidentÂ’s Aug. 16, 1937 correspondence with Luther C. Steward, the president of the National Federation of Federal Employees, is bluntly worded -- to say the least.
Roosevelt was responding to an invitation to attend the organizationÂ’s 20th jubilee convention.
In the letter, FDR says groups such as NFFE naturally organize to present their views to supervisors. Government workers, he observed, want fair pay, safe working conditions and review of grievances just like private-industry workers.
Organizations of government employees "have a logical place in Government affairs," he wrote.
But Roosevelt then shifted gears, emphasizing that "meticulous attention should be paid to the special relationships and obligations of public servants to the public itself and to the Government."
Then, the most-famous line and the one directly on point to WalkerÂ’s comment:
"All Government employees should realize that the process of collective bargaining, as usually understood, cannot be transplanted into the public service," he wrote. "It has its distinct and insurmountable limitations when applied to public personnel management."
Roosevelt didnÂ’t stop there.
"
The very nature and purposes of Government make it impossible for administrative officials to represent fully or to bind the employer in mutual discussions with Government employee organizations," he wrote.
When Walker claimed FDR said "the government is the people," he had RooseveltÂ’s next line in mind.
"The employer," RooseveltÂ’s letter added, "is the whole people, who speak by means of laws enacted by their representatives in Congress. Accordingly, administrative officials and employees alike are governed and guided, and in many instances restricted, by laws which establish policies, procedures, or rules in personnel matters."
Roosevelt concluded with a strong stance against strikes by unions representing government workers, noting that NFFEÂ’s bylaws rejected strikes.
The letter, the FDR Presidential Library site points out, was released publicly by the Roosevelt White House and became the administration's "official position" on collective bargaining and federal government employees.
Roosevelt had previously laid out his views on public-sector unions at a July 9, 1937 news conference.
His statements there add more weight to WalkerÂ’s claim.
A reporter directly asked Roosevelt "whether he favored government employees joining unions to the extent of collective bargaining with the government."
RooseveltÂ’s response made clear he thought managers should listen to worker concerns, whether raised by union representatives or not. Federal workers are free to join "any union they want," he said.
But he recalled that in 1913, when he was Navy assistant secretary, he told a union official the Navy would not enter into a contract with the union because it had no discretion under federal law.
"The pay is fixed by Congress and the workmen are represented by the members of Congress in the fixing of Government pay," Roosevelt said.
His thinking then still applied, Roosevelt told the reporters in 1937.
At the end of news conference, Roosevelt was asked, after making the point that Congress sets compensation: "In other words, you would not have the representatives of the majority as the sole bargaining agents?"
Roosevelt: "Not in the government, because there is no collective contract. It is a very different case. There isnÂ’t any bargaining, in other words, with the government, therefore the question does not arise."
Taken together, the letter and news conference remarks positioned Roosevelt as deeply skeptical of the need and wisdom of collective bargaining power for unions in the federal system.
When he wrote that the unique circumstances would make it "impossible" for government officials to make a binding deal on behalf of the government, that didnÂ’t leave a lot of ambiguity.
Same with the phrase "insurmountable limitations."