Turkey like Iran.

[Mindful]

ISTANBUL — The effort to forge new forms of non-Western modernity in the Muslim world has pushed Iran into bloody civil strife while Turkey swirls with persistent rumors of military plots against the Islamist-rooted government. The great historical question is whether, at the end of the day, Iran will look more like Turkey, or Turkey like Iran?

As the legendary MI6 agent Alastair Crooke argues in his new book, Resistance: The Essence of the Islamist Revolution, the Iranian revolution was a direct consequence a half century later of the forced secularization of the Ottoman Caliphate by Kemal Ataturk. With the superstructure of the Muslim ummah dismantled and replaced with the Turkish nation-state, insurgent religious movements, from the (Sunni) Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt to the Shiite imams of Qum and Najaf, moved into the vacuum to reclaim Islam from the shadow of Western modernization.

Paradoxically, Ataturk’s whole modernization project is today being recalibrated by the ruling Islamist-rooted (Justice and Development) AK party, which is seeking to reintroduce piety into public life while projecting Turkey as a neo-Ottoman regional power in the Muslim Middle East instead of a mere NATO appendage or European supplicant. At the same time, Iran, the other regional power, is moving in the opposite direction: the Twittering partisans of popular sovereignty are locked in a battle with their theocratic guardians over the legitimacy of power in the Islamic Republic.

What goes around comes around, it seems. The reaction to the Great Transformation of early 20th century modernization may have given rise to what Crooke calls the “Great Refusal” of the Islamist resistance. But now the legacy of the Great Transformation in Turkey as well as the Great Refusal in Iran are facing the reverse challenges of bringing faith back into the public realm on the one hand, and democratizing a religious state on the other.

Will Iran Look More Like Turkey, or Turkey Like Iran? | HuffPost

 

[ScienceRocks]

Another religious runned nation turning against all concepts of freedom. Don't let america be next!

 

[frigidweirdo]

ISTANBUL — The effort to forge new forms of non-Western modernity in the Muslim world has pushed Iran into bloody civil strife while Turkey swirls with persistent rumors of military plots against the Islamist-rooted government. The great historical question is whether, at the end of the day, Iran will look more like Turkey, or Turkey like Iran?

As the legendary MI6 agent Alastair Crooke argues in his new book, Resistance: The Essence of the Islamist Revolution, the Iranian revolution was a direct consequence a half century later of the forced secularization of the Ottoman Caliphate by Kemal Ataturk. With the superstructure of the Muslim ummah dismantled and replaced with the Turkish nation-state, insurgent religious movements, from the (Sunni) Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt to the Shiite imams of Qum and Najaf, moved into the vacuum to reclaim Islam from the shadow of Western modernization.

Paradoxically, Ataturk’s whole modernization project is today being recalibrated by the ruling Islamist-rooted (Justice and Development) AK party, which is seeking to reintroduce piety into public life while projecting Turkey as a neo-Ottoman regional power in the Muslim Middle East instead of a mere NATO appendage or European supplicant. At the same time, Iran, the other regional power, is moving in the opposite direction: the Twittering partisans of popular sovereignty are locked in a battle with their theocratic guardians over the legitimacy of power in the Islamic Republic.

What goes around comes around, it seems. The reaction to the Great Transformation of early 20th century modernization may have given rise to what Crooke calls the “Great Refusal” of the Islamist resistance. But now the legacy of the Great Transformation in Turkey as well as the Great Refusal in Iran are facing the reverse challenges of bringing faith back into the public realm on the one hand, and democratizing a religious state on the other.

Will Iran Look More Like Turkey, or Turkey Like Iran? | HuffPost

It's quite sad. I went to Turkey in 2009 and saw Erdogan and Obama together and thought that Turkey was quite a good country. Certain great for tourism.

But since then Erdogan has got a total grip on the country and has moved it more and more to the right and more like other Islamic countries which aren't to be envied at all.

The West has lost an ally in the region.

 

[Tommy Tainant]

ISTANBUL — The effort to forge new forms of non-Western modernity in the Muslim world has pushed Iran into bloody civil strife while Turkey swirls with persistent rumors of military plots against the Islamist-rooted government. The great historical question is whether, at the end of the day, Iran will look more like Turkey, or Turkey like Iran?

As the legendary MI6 agent Alastair Crooke argues in his new book, Resistance: The Essence of the Islamist Revolution, the Iranian revolution was a direct consequence a half century later of the forced secularization of the Ottoman Caliphate by Kemal Ataturk. With the superstructure of the Muslim ummah dismantled and replaced with the Turkish nation-state, insurgent religious movements, from the (Sunni) Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt to the Shiite imams of Qum and Najaf, moved into the vacuum to reclaim Islam from the shadow of Western modernization.

Paradoxically, Ataturk’s whole modernization project is today being recalibrated by the ruling Islamist-rooted (Justice and Development) AK party, which is seeking to reintroduce piety into public life while projecting Turkey as a neo-Ottoman regional power in the Muslim Middle East instead of a mere NATO appendage or European supplicant. At the same time, Iran, the other regional power, is moving in the opposite direction: the Twittering partisans of popular sovereignty are locked in a battle with their theocratic guardians over the legitimacy of power in the Islamic Republic.

What goes around comes around, it seems. The reaction to the Great Transformation of early 20th century modernization may have given rise to what Crooke calls the “Great Refusal” of the Islamist resistance. But now the legacy of the Great Transformation in Turkey as well as the Great Refusal in Iran are facing the reverse challenges of bringing faith back into the public realm on the one hand, and democratizing a religious state on the other.

Will Iran Look More Like Turkey, or Turkey Like Iran? | HuffPost

It's quite sad. I went to Turkey in 2009 and saw Erdogan and Obama together and thought that Turkey was quite a good country. Certain great for tourism.

But since then Erdogan has got a total grip on the country and has moved it more and more to the right and more like other Islamic countries which aren't to be envied at all.

The West has lost an ally in the region.

Erdogans base is backward ,rural and deeply religious. Thank the Lord it couldnt happen anywhere else.

 

[Mindful]

ISTANBUL — The effort to forge new forms of non-Western modernity in the Muslim world has pushed Iran into bloody civil strife while Turkey swirls with persistent rumors of military plots against the Islamist-rooted government. The great historical question is whether, at the end of the day, Iran will look more like Turkey, or Turkey like Iran?

As the legendary MI6 agent Alastair Crooke argues in his new book, Resistance: The Essence of the Islamist Revolution, the Iranian revolution was a direct consequence a half century later of the forced secularization of the Ottoman Caliphate by Kemal Ataturk. With the superstructure of the Muslim ummah dismantled and replaced with the Turkish nation-state, insurgent religious movements, from the (Sunni) Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt to the Shiite imams of Qum and Najaf, moved into the vacuum to reclaim Islam from the shadow of Western modernization.

Paradoxically, Ataturk’s whole modernization project is today being recalibrated by the ruling Islamist-rooted (Justice and Development) AK party, which is seeking to reintroduce piety into public life while projecting Turkey as a neo-Ottoman regional power in the Muslim Middle East instead of a mere NATO appendage or European supplicant. At the same time, Iran, the other regional power, is moving in the opposite direction: the Twittering partisans of popular sovereignty are locked in a battle with their theocratic guardians over the legitimacy of power in the Islamic Republic.

What goes around comes around, it seems. The reaction to the Great Transformation of early 20th century modernization may have given rise to what Crooke calls the “Great Refusal” of the Islamist resistance. But now the legacy of the Great Transformation in Turkey as well as the Great Refusal in Iran are facing the reverse challenges of bringing faith back into the public realm on the one hand, and democratizing a religious state on the other.

Will Iran Look More Like Turkey, or Turkey Like Iran? | HuffPost

It's quite sad. I went to Turkey in 2009 and saw Erdogan and Obama together and thought that Turkey was quite a good country. Certain great for tourism.

But since then Erdogan has got a total grip on the country and has moved it more and more to the right and more like other Islamic countries which aren't to be envied at all.

The West has lost an ally in the region.

It was looking good, and after researching Attaturk, there's a sense of great disappointment.

There were some great movies coming out of Turkey, which seemed to have the freedom to explore and challenge 'issues'.

 

[frigidweirdo]

ISTANBUL — The effort to forge new forms of non-Western modernity in the Muslim world has pushed Iran into bloody civil strife while Turkey swirls with persistent rumors of military plots against the Islamist-rooted government. The great historical question is whether, at the end of the day, Iran will look more like Turkey, or Turkey like Iran?

As the legendary MI6 agent Alastair Crooke argues in his new book, Resistance: The Essence of the Islamist Revolution, the Iranian revolution was a direct consequence a half century later of the forced secularization of the Ottoman Caliphate by Kemal Ataturk. With the superstructure of the Muslim ummah dismantled and replaced with the Turkish nation-state, insurgent religious movements, from the (Sunni) Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt to the Shiite imams of Qum and Najaf, moved into the vacuum to reclaim Islam from the shadow of Western modernization.

Paradoxically, Ataturk’s whole modernization project is today being recalibrated by the ruling Islamist-rooted (Justice and Development) AK party, which is seeking to reintroduce piety into public life while projecting Turkey as a neo-Ottoman regional power in the Muslim Middle East instead of a mere NATO appendage or European supplicant. At the same time, Iran, the other regional power, is moving in the opposite direction: the Twittering partisans of popular sovereignty are locked in a battle with their theocratic guardians over the legitimacy of power in the Islamic Republic.

What goes around comes around, it seems. The reaction to the Great Transformation of early 20th century modernization may have given rise to what Crooke calls the “Great Refusal” of the Islamist resistance. But now the legacy of the Great Transformation in Turkey as well as the Great Refusal in Iran are facing the reverse challenges of bringing faith back into the public realm on the one hand, and democratizing a religious state on the other.

Will Iran Look More Like Turkey, or Turkey Like Iran? | HuffPost

It's quite sad. I went to Turkey in 2009 and saw Erdogan and Obama together and thought that Turkey was quite a good country. Certain great for tourism.

But since then Erdogan has got a total grip on the country and has moved it more and more to the right and more like other Islamic countries which aren't to be envied at all.

The West has lost an ally in the region.

Erdogans base is backward ,rural and deeply religious. Thank the Lord it couldnt happen anywhere else.

You think?

The US is headed that way. Give it 100 years, someone will find the power.

Look at what Xi did in China? He did an "anti-corruption drive" and got rid of his political opponents. It's not actually that hard to do. Harder in the US because politicians aren't all inherently corrupt.... wait, did I just said that. Oh, yes they are...... it's just the corruption has been legitimized.

Now, imagine you get the FBI on your side, some of the right judges, the media especially.

You see what Trump has done and what has been done to Trump, a bit more organization and Trump's Twitter account could be taken out, his voice gone, the media could lie. Or Trump could do this to others, he's certainly on his way towards that. I just don't think Trump's the sort. He's not politically savvy.

But someone else... America is ripe for such a person.

 

[Tommy Tainant]

ISTANBUL — The effort to forge new forms of non-Western modernity in the Muslim world has pushed Iran into bloody civil strife while Turkey swirls with persistent rumors of military plots against the Islamist-rooted government. The great historical question is whether, at the end of the day, Iran will look more like Turkey, or Turkey like Iran?

As the legendary MI6 agent Alastair Crooke argues in his new book, Resistance: The Essence of the Islamist Revolution, the Iranian revolution was a direct consequence a half century later of the forced secularization of the Ottoman Caliphate by Kemal Ataturk. With the superstructure of the Muslim ummah dismantled and replaced with the Turkish nation-state, insurgent religious movements, from the (Sunni) Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt to the Shiite imams of Qum and Najaf, moved into the vacuum to reclaim Islam from the shadow of Western modernization.

Paradoxically, Ataturk’s whole modernization project is today being recalibrated by the ruling Islamist-rooted (Justice and Development) AK party, which is seeking to reintroduce piety into public life while projecting Turkey as a neo-Ottoman regional power in the Muslim Middle East instead of a mere NATO appendage or European supplicant. At the same time, Iran, the other regional power, is moving in the opposite direction: the Twittering partisans of popular sovereignty are locked in a battle with their theocratic guardians over the legitimacy of power in the Islamic Republic.

What goes around comes around, it seems. The reaction to the Great Transformation of early 20th century modernization may have given rise to what Crooke calls the “Great Refusal” of the Islamist resistance. But now the legacy of the Great Transformation in Turkey as well as the Great Refusal in Iran are facing the reverse challenges of bringing faith back into the public realm on the one hand, and democratizing a religious state on the other.

Will Iran Look More Like Turkey, or Turkey Like Iran? | HuffPost

It's quite sad. I went to Turkey in 2009 and saw Erdogan and Obama together and thought that Turkey was quite a good country. Certain great for tourism.

But since then Erdogan has got a total grip on the country and has moved it more and more to the right and more like other Islamic countries which aren't to be envied at all.

The West has lost an ally in the region.

Erdogans base is backward ,rural and deeply religious. Thank the Lord it couldnt happen anywhere else.

You think?

The US is headed that way. Give it 100 years, someone will find the power.

Look at what Xi did in China? He did an "anti-corruption drive" and got rid of his political opponents. It's not actually that hard to do. Harder in the US because politicians aren't all inherently corrupt.... wait, did I just said that. Oh, yes they are...... it's just the corruption has been legitimized.

Now, imagine you get the FBI on your side, some of the right judges, the media especially.

You see what Trump has done and what has been done to Trump, a bit more organization and Trump's Twitter account could be taken out, his voice gone, the media could lie. Or Trump could do this to others, he's certainly on his way towards that. I just don't think Trump's the sort. He's not politically savvy.

But someone else... America is ripe for such a person.

Hasnt Erdogan locked up all the journalists he doesnt like ? Why didnt he just call them fake news ?

 

[Tijn Von Ingersleben]

Erdogan is more like a Marshal Tito than Ayatollah Khomeni. Erdogan uses Islam to conjure up images of the Caliphate and greatness past. To him, Islam is a strong social and political tool, but not in the ultra religious, Iranian sense.

 

[Mindful]

Erdogan is more like a Marshal Tito than Ayatollah Khomeni. Erdogan uses Islam to conjure up images of the Caliphate and greatness past. To him, Islam is a strong social and political tool, but not in the ultra religious, Iranian sense.

Turkey did have a Caliphate. For how many hundreds of years?

 

[Tijn Von Ingersleben]

Erdogan is more like a Marshal Tito than Ayatollah Khomeni. Erdogan uses Islam to conjure up images of the Caliphate and greatness past. To him, Islam is a strong social and political tool, but not in the ultra religious, Iranian sense.

Turkey did have a Caliphate. For how many hundreds of years?

I am not that familiar with the specifics of Turkish history. However Erdogan was always having big rallies in Taksim Square in Istanbul and on the waterfront there. His idea of Turkey is BIG Turkey...Ottoman Turkey...Imperial Turkey. Yet he completely alienates all of the intelligentsia?
I think Erdogan is smoking crack. I have lived and worked around the Turks...lol!

 

[frigidweirdo]

ISTANBUL — The effort to forge new forms of non-Western modernity in the Muslim world has pushed Iran into bloody civil strife while Turkey swirls with persistent rumors of military plots against the Islamist-rooted government. The great historical question is whether, at the end of the day, Iran will look more like Turkey, or Turkey like Iran?

As the legendary MI6 agent Alastair Crooke argues in his new book, Resistance: The Essence of the Islamist Revolution, the Iranian revolution was a direct consequence a half century later of the forced secularization of the Ottoman Caliphate by Kemal Ataturk. With the superstructure of the Muslim ummah dismantled and replaced with the Turkish nation-state, insurgent religious movements, from the (Sunni) Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt to the Shiite imams of Qum and Najaf, moved into the vacuum to reclaim Islam from the shadow of Western modernization.

Paradoxically, Ataturk’s whole modernization project is today being recalibrated by the ruling Islamist-rooted (Justice and Development) AK party, which is seeking to reintroduce piety into public life while projecting Turkey as a neo-Ottoman regional power in the Muslim Middle East instead of a mere NATO appendage or European supplicant. At the same time, Iran, the other regional power, is moving in the opposite direction: the Twittering partisans of popular sovereignty are locked in a battle with their theocratic guardians over the legitimacy of power in the Islamic Republic.

What goes around comes around, it seems. The reaction to the Great Transformation of early 20th century modernization may have given rise to what Crooke calls the “Great Refusal” of the Islamist resistance. But now the legacy of the Great Transformation in Turkey as well as the Great Refusal in Iran are facing the reverse challenges of bringing faith back into the public realm on the one hand, and democratizing a religious state on the other.

Will Iran Look More Like Turkey, or Turkey Like Iran? | HuffPost

It's quite sad. I went to Turkey in 2009 and saw Erdogan and Obama together and thought that Turkey was quite a good country. Certain great for tourism.

But since then Erdogan has got a total grip on the country and has moved it more and more to the right and more like other Islamic countries which aren't to be envied at all.

The West has lost an ally in the region.

Erdogans base is backward ,rural and deeply religious. Thank the Lord it couldnt happen anywhere else.

You think?

The US is headed that way. Give it 100 years, someone will find the power.

Look at what Xi did in China? He did an "anti-corruption drive" and got rid of his political opponents. It's not actually that hard to do. Harder in the US because politicians aren't all inherently corrupt.... wait, did I just said that. Oh, yes they are...... it's just the corruption has been legitimized.

Now, imagine you get the FBI on your side, some of the right judges, the media especially.

You see what Trump has done and what has been done to Trump, a bit more organization and Trump's Twitter account could be taken out, his voice gone, the media could lie. Or Trump could do this to others, he's certainly on his way towards that. I just don't think Trump's the sort. He's not politically savvy.

But someone else... America is ripe for such a person.

Hasnt Erdogan locked up all the journalists he doesnt like ? Why didnt he just call them fake news ?

He's gone way beyond what Trump's up to. But the ability to have hounded the journalists into prison exists in the US too.

 

[TheParser]

Yes, the great Ataturk, I understand, wanted a secular state.

He wanted Turkey to stay out of other countries' business.

*****

In the 20th century, the armed forces were not pleased with the policies of at least three presidents.

The armed forces therefore invited them to immediately "resign."

One of them, in fact, was executed.

 

[irosie91]

Yes, the great Ataturk, I understand, wanted a secular state.

He wanted Turkey to stay out of other countries' business.

*****

In the 20th century, the armed forces were not pleased with the policies of at least three presidents.

The armed forces therefore invited them to immediately "resign."

One of them, in fact, was executed.

I am at a loss to understand WTF you are trying to say. For the record---under Ataturk
Turkey was a CALIPHATE-----albeit an almost hands off kind of central governor. Ataturk's
"hands off" governorship----actually facilitated islamists back then------a problem that never
went away

 

[Tijn Von Ingersleben]

Yes, the great Ataturk, I understand, wanted a secular state.

He wanted Turkey to stay out of other countries' business.

*****

In the 20th century, the armed forces were not pleased with the policies of at least three presidents.

The armed forces therefore invited them to immediately "resign."

One of them, in fact, was executed.

I am at a loss to understand WTF you are trying to say. For the record---under Ataturk
Turkey was a CALIPHATE-----albeit an almost hands off kind of central governor. Ataturk's
"hands off" governorship----actually facilitated islamists back then------a problem that never
went away

No...Turkey became a republic in 1923, the royal family (Osmanoglu) were exiled and the Caliphate was completely abolished by 1924. Ataturk was a secularist and a very strong nationalist. What he is referring to are the three times that the secular military leadership chased away Islamic leaning presidents. Generals such as this were enabled through and by Ataturk's reformations.
Up until the last coup (failed) the military were the holders of the secular banner. Any president who wished to play too close to the religious rail was summarily outed. Erdogan changed that by repelling a coup attempt led, in large part by Turkish Air Force high command (July, 2016). I was there...lots of people got 'walked off'.

 

[Mindful]

Yes, the great Ataturk, I understand, wanted a secular state.

He wanted Turkey to stay out of other countries' business.

*****

In the 20th century, the armed forces were not pleased with the policies of at least three presidents.

The armed forces therefore invited them to immediately "resign."

One of them, in fact, was executed.

I am at a loss to understand WTF you are trying to say. For the record---under Ataturk
Turkey was a CALIPHATE-----albeit an almost hands off kind of central governor. Ataturk's
"hands off" governorship----actually facilitated islamists back then------a problem that never
went away

No...Turkey became a republic in 1923, the royal family (Osmanoglu) were exiled and the Caliphate was completely abolished by 1924. Ataturk was a secularist and a very strong nationalist. What he is referring to are the three times that the secular military leadership chased away Islamic leaning presidents. Generals such as this were enabled through and by Ataturk's reformations.
Up until the last coup (failed) the military were the holders of the secular banner. Any president who wished to play too close to the religious rail was summarily outed. Erdogan changed that by repelling a coup attempt led, in large part by Turkish Air Force high command (July, 2016). I was there...lots of people got 'walked off'.

You were stranded at the airport?

 

[irosie91]

Yes, the great Ataturk, I understand, wanted a secular state.

He wanted Turkey to stay out of other countries' business.

*****

In the 20th century, the armed forces were not pleased with the policies of at least three presidents.

The armed forces therefore invited them to immediately "resign."

One of them, in fact, was executed.

I am at a loss to understand WTF you are trying to say. For the record---under Ataturk
Turkey was a CALIPHATE-----albeit an almost hands off kind of central governor. Ataturk's
"hands off" governorship----actually facilitated islamists back then------a problem that never
went away

No...Turkey became a republic in 1923, the royal family (Osmanoglu) were exiled and the Caliphate was completely abolished by 1924. Ataturk was a secularist and a very strong nationalist. What he is referring to are the three times that the secular military leadership chased away Islamic leaning presidents. Generals such as this were enabled through and by Ataturk's reformations.
Up until the last coup (failed) the military were the holders of the secular banner. Any president who wished to play too close to the religious rail was summarily outed. Erdogan changed that by repelling a coup attempt led, in large part by Turkish Air Force high command (July, 2016). I was there...lots of people got 'walked off'.

You were stranded at the airport?

getting "walked off"----in ISLAM---means----they take you out
back and behead you (or sometimes resort to hanging---maybe tossing you off a high tower..... its koranic

 

[Marion Morrison]

Researching pictures of Iranian citizens vs. Turks could tell people all they need to know.

Btw, you guys do know Iran is Syria's ally, correct?

The US needs to cut ties with Erdogan, he's bad news.

 

[irosie91]

Researching pictures of Iranian citizens vs. Turks could tell people all they need to know.

Btw, you guys do know Iran is Syria's ally, correct?

The US needs to cut ties with Erdogan, he's bad news.

alliances and warfare involving muslims is COMPLICATED
Keep in mind---Iran is the Shiite center of the universe.
Iran is virtually HOLY for Shiites---so much so that the
language of Iran, Farsi----is taught in some Shiite schools
outside of Iran over Arabic-----like its "holy" Turks are
are mostly Sunnis-----Turks and Iranians hate each other
but not so much as BOTH Turks and Iranians hate
arabs (who are mostly sunni but with some minority
Shiite communities here and there) ----then there are the
sub-groups to hate----like the kurds, Sufis, ismaelis(?)
etc etc Do not ask a muslim----in the past few decades
they seem to have agree with each other to lie about it to
us 'kaffirin'. I encountered muslims before the denial of
hatred trend kicked in. My simplification of the current
miserable situation is THE AXIS OF EVIL---
Iran/Russia/Syria. Turkey kinda stands alone except for
islands of support for the filthy concept of OTTOMAN
CALIPHATE in Cypress----and here and there in Balkan
states and idiot STANS. Lots of arab states are into the
ARAB LEAGUE-----which is nothing more than another
CALIPHATE DELUSION. Iran is also a CALIPHATE---
with metastases thruout the world in the form of Hezbollah.
Shiites----wherever they are tend to support Iranian with its
insane Ayatoilets. Not done yet-----Muslims of Southeast
Asia harbor a MUGHAL EMPIRE CALIPHATE delusion which leads to violence wherever muslims live in Southeast
Asia-----hundreds of millions.

 

[Tijn Von Ingersleben]

Yes, the great Ataturk, I understand, wanted a secular state.

He wanted Turkey to stay out of other countries' business.

*****

In the 20th century, the armed forces were not pleased with the policies of at least three presidents.

The armed forces therefore invited them to immediately "resign."

One of them, in fact, was executed.

I am at a loss to understand WTF you are trying to say. For the record---under Ataturk
Turkey was a CALIPHATE-----albeit an almost hands off kind of central governor. Ataturk's
"hands off" governorship----actually facilitated islamists back then------a problem that never
went away

No...Turkey became a republic in 1923, the royal family (Osmanoglu) were exiled and the Caliphate was completely abolished by 1924. Ataturk was a secularist and a very strong nationalist. What he is referring to are the three times that the secular military leadership chased away Islamic leaning presidents. Generals such as this were enabled through and by Ataturk's reformations.
Up until the last coup (failed) the military were the holders of the secular banner. Any president who wished to play too close to the religious rail was summarily outed. Erdogan changed that by repelling a coup attempt led, in large part by Turkish Air Force high command (July, 2016). I was there...lots of people got 'walked off'.

You were stranded at the airport?

getting "walked off"----in ISLAM---means----they take you out
back and behead you (or sometimes resort to hanging---maybe tossing you off a high tower..... its koranic

lol! I know EXACTLY what it means. Most of the Turkish AF leadership got walked off. We sat in Turkish July heat with no power for three days until everything calmed down and the power came back on. Interesting times.

 

[Tijn Von Ingersleben]

Yes, the great Ataturk, I understand, wanted a secular state.

He wanted Turkey to stay out of other countries' business.

*****

In the 20th century, the armed forces were not pleased with the policies of at least three presidents.

The armed forces therefore invited them to immediately "resign."

One of them, in fact, was executed.

I am at a loss to understand WTF you are trying to say. For the record---under Ataturk
Turkey was a CALIPHATE-----albeit an almost hands off kind of central governor. Ataturk's
"hands off" governorship----actually facilitated islamists back then------a problem that never
went away

No...Turkey became a republic in 1923, the royal family (Osmanoglu) were exiled and the Caliphate was completely abolished by 1924. Ataturk was a secularist and a very strong nationalist. What he is referring to are the three times that the secular military leadership chased away Islamic leaning presidents. Generals such as this were enabled through and by Ataturk's reformations.
Up until the last coup (failed) the military were the holders of the secular banner. Any president who wished to play too close to the religious rail was summarily outed. Erdogan changed that by repelling a coup attempt led, in large part by Turkish Air Force high command (July, 2016). I was there...lots of people got 'walked off'.

You were stranded at the airport?

So to speak.