This is a very verbose / high-end discussion. I'd like to do a fly-by and get the "Mormanism for Dummies" version.
Thank you for dropping in. As long as you don't leave droppings with you.
1. What would the Mormon theologians at BYU differ with the theologians at Notre Dame and SMU on? (main bullet points)
You're basically asking what the difference is between Mormonism and Catholicism. I will sum up.
1.We believe in a physical God as compared to a spirit without body parts or passions.
2. We also believe that Jesus, His Father and the Holy Ghost are three individuals, the latter not having a body, whereas Catholics believe they are all the same person.
3. We believe in questioning everything whereas Catholicism discourages too many questions.
4. We believe the authority of the priesthood was removed for a time with the death of the apostles and other priests ordained by Jesus, therefore there was a need for a complete restoration of the order Jesus instituted. Catholicism claims the authority was never lost and claim it on the grounds that Peter gave authority to the Catholic Church somehow.
5. We believe in a literal physical resurrection like Jesus had, where Catholicism claims there will be no resurrection of the body.
6. We believe the body is a gift from God and one of the greatest of all gifts God can give. Catholics believe it is a sinful prison that we should look forward to escaping in the next life.
7. We believe all children who die before the age of accountability or who die innocently are automatically saved in the kingdom of God. Catholics believe that infants who die without baptism are doomed to burn in a lake of fire for eternity.
8. We believe that man will be punished for their own sins and not for Adam's transgression.
9. We believe it was a literal fruit from a tree that Adam and Eve partook of, whereas Catholics believe the "fruit" was sexual intercourse.
10. We believe our Bishops and Priesthood should get married and have families with children of their own, while Catholicism teaches their priests to be celibate and single.
11. We believe in a masculine and strong Jesus, while Catholics portray him as VERY feminine.
These are a few off the top of my head. There are many others but these are of the most importance.
2. What would the dems use in 2012 against Mitt Romney? (Any controversial or politically incorrect issues, "special panties" being one obvious one)
If the dems try to attack Romney on religious grounds they will be shooting themselves down in 2012. It will make them look very silly because people will get to the bottom of the issue and Mitt will destroy Obama in a debate.
3. Do Mormons believe in the "Rapture"?
Although the word "Rapture" is not used in the Bible to describe the coming of Christ, we do believe the righteous will be caught up in air to meet him and avoid the fire and destruction that He will bring down on the wicked remainder. The "righteous" will be chosen based upon the purity of their heart and not their church affiliation.