Do we have a soul? Rather than discuss the theological and philosophical implications of the question I will simply tell you what the Bible says. The words “soul” and “souls” are used many times in the Bible; however most of the time the words refer to a person, not some type of spiritual entity. An example is Joshua 10:39: “And he took it, and the king thereof, and all the cities thereof; and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and utterly destroyed all the souls that were therein.”
However, there are a few verses which tend to show there is something called the soul which is an eternal spiritual creation. I will give a few examples (all verses are from the KJV).
The first example is from Matthew 10:28: “And fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell.” This particular verse establishes that there are those who can kill the body but not the soul; in other words, the soul survives physical death.
The second example is from Matthew 16:24-26 (see also Mark 8:36): “Then said Jesus unto his disciples, If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow me. For whosoever will save his life shall lose it: and whosoever will lose his life for my sake shall find it. For what is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul? or what shall a man give in exchange for his soul?” These verses warn that by a man's conduct he may gain material wealth but lose his soul. Since there is no way to prevent the inevitable loss of his physical life, Matthew is obviously speaking about something which is not inevitable and that is the death of the soul. It is the soul which is forever lost or forever saved by the deeds of a man.
Whether believers receive a restored human body in the resurrection is another question. Many Christians believe they do while other Christians disagree. Those who believe that physical death is followed by purely spiritual existence rely on what Paul has said:
“But some man will say, How are the dead raised up? and with what body do they come? Thou fool, that which thou sowest is not quickened, except it die: And that which thou sowest, thou sowest not that body that shall be, but bare grain, it may chance of wheat, or of some other grain: ….. Now this I say, brethren, that flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God; neither doth corruption inherit incorruption. Behold, I shew you a mystery; We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed,In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed. For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality.” (1 Corinthians 15:35-37, 50-53, highlights my own).
Those who argue that heavenly existence includes human form point out that Christ was resurrected and ascended in physical form, and even Elijah went bodily up to heaven: “And it came to pass, as they still went on, and talked, that, behold, there appeared a chariot of fire, and horses of fire, and parted them both asunder; and Elijah went up by a whirlwind into heaven” (2 Kings 2:11).
I've told you what the Bible says and how others interpret the Book . My personal thoughts are too complex to explain. However, I will offer my opinion on one subject that is not often discussed: What is a soul? I will define it as an awareness of everything we have ever said or done or felt or thought during our existence. Further, the soul has the ability to create the same physical sensations we experienced during our lifetime and to fully experience anything we desire to imagine. In other words, the soul is perfect knowledge.