Toro
Diamond Member
the cutting edge of the Paul bill is not a call for more transparency; it is a proposal to subject the Fed's decisions on monetary policy and its dealings with foreign central banks and foreign governments to audit by Congress' Government Accountability Office (GAO). Up until now, these activities have been explicitly exempted from audit by the U.S. legal code.
On the surface, authorizing such an audit may sound like much ado about nothing. After all, the Fed already gets a regular external audit of its financial statements. (If Chairman Bernanke were living high on the hog at the taxpayer's expense, Congress would know, as it should.) Further, the GAO is already permitted to examine most aspects of the Fed's operations, including such special financial arrangements as the deals with Bear Stearns, AIG, Citigroup, and Bank of America. The Federal Reserve's chair and other officials are frequently called before congressional committees to testify about the body's activities, even its monetary policies -- precisely the area in which it is independent. What is more, those policies are dissected and evaluated by the markets and the media in excruciating detail on an almost daily basis. The Fed, appropriately enough, gets plenty of critical evaluations.
But an audit of its monetary policies by the GAO -- which, remember, works for Congress -- could easily develop into something quite dangerous. Here is a not-so-unlikely hypothetical: sometime in 2010, the Fed, wanting to avoid inflation, will likely begin to abandon the hyper-expansionary monetary policy it adopted during the recent crisis as a way to stave off a depression. As it does so, interest rates will start rising even as unemployment remains high. Predictably, Congress, being more closely attuned to public opinion, will be unhappy with this situation. Until now, the Fed's independence has ensured that it can afford to ignore public opinion and take such necessary but unpopular economic measures. That is precisely why we want an independent monetary policy.
But if the Paul bill passes, angry members of Congress could ask for a GAO audit. And, if the report is critical, they could use it to browbeat members of the Federal Open Market Committee, the Fed's interest-rate-setting body, for killing the country's economic recovery. Congress has always had, but never used, the legal right to override the Fed's decisions. But does anyone believe monetary policy would be better if it were made in the political domain?
In my 1997 article, I invoked the success of the Federal Reserve's monetary policies to argue that perhaps we should adapt the model to other selected government decisions, thereby moving some of them out of the political and into the technocratic realm. I suggested, in particular, that decisions that are more technical in nature (as opposed to laden with value judgments) and those that require a long time horizon were the most likely candidates for such treatment. Watching Congress's handiwork over the past dozen years, I have become increasingly convinced that this is true and that monetary policy should remain firmly in the technocratic realm.
The Fed's Political Problem | Foreign Affairs