- Banned
- #21
Stop and Frisk is a subset of a Terry Stop. It requires reasonable suspicion that a crime has or is about to take place (To stop) and the officers have to have a reasonable and articulated suspicion that the suspect is armed and dangerous (To frisk).
I have to admit ignorance here, since I haven't read into it or done any research. I'm just going off what I've heard. So if the cops have a REASONABLE suspicion to stop someone, and REASONABLE cause to search them I can't be against it of course. Otherwise I'm opposed to people being stopped for merely walking down a street and being forced to show ID and subject themselves to questions and searches. That's just plain tyranny in my mind.
However the whole issue of "possessing illegal weapons" rubs me the wrong way. If it wasn't for the draconian gun laws in the first place, NYC never would have had such an abundance of criminals.
No shame in being ignorant here. The Supreme Court has so many rulings on the issue it's easy to get confused. According to the case law there are essentially 3 types of police encounters:
1) Mere encounter - no suspicion or P.C needed. Police can ask you questions but cannot search and you are free to go if you choose.
2) Investigatory stop - A police officer needs a reasonable suspicion that a crime has or is about to take place. He may detain you and is limited to stop and frisk searches if he has a reasonable and articulated belief that his safety is in danger. If he does such a frisk, he can only search for weapons, though if drugs are found, they are legally found. (Makes so much sense doesn't it?). you are not free to leave
3) Custodial detention - Basically you are under arrest or "seized" according to the Fourth ammendment and the officer requires Probable cause. You are not free to leave.
I think it's arguable about whether the Investigatory stop is actually supported by the Fourth Amendment as it's essentially something established through caselaw. But as of today that is the law.
The problem with NYC Police is they are trying to turn mere encounters into investigatory stops.
That's the impression I got also. The officers walk up and say "hello", and the "subject" being "anxious to break contact" becomes "probable cause" to conduct an "investigation".
In my much younger days wandering city streets at night, I was once stopped by 2 cops on foot. They immediately demanded ID, I showed it to them, they asked a few questions and then let me go about my business. I was cooperative and polite, but rather perturbed. I don't think this "Your papers please" mentality of some LEO's is appropriate in a free country.