Snake Meat......source of chinese virus
- Thread starter MacTheKnife
- Start date
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Yeah.... TROWSER SNAKE.
A record 8 tonnes of pangolin scales were seized (1 Feb 2020), and there is a video on giant pangolins from Uganda
(URL functions if typed in the spacebar)
https://bbc.com/news/topics/c60nlqy0xeet/pangolins
(URL functions if typed in the spacebar)
https://bbc.com/news/topics/c60nlqy0xeet/pangolins
We posted this article in post #425, and taking a closer look, there are interesting links between coronaviruses in pangolins and the Wuhan Institute of Virology:
Viral Metagenomics Revealed Sendai Virus and Coronavirus Infection of Malayan Pangolins (Manis javanica). - PubMed - NCBI
Four entries on the coronavirus list in the article (31652964) are:
1.)
Bat SARS-like coronavirus Rs3367, complete genome - Nucleotide - NCBI
'....uses ACE2 (Nature 2013)....Wuhan Institute of Virology
Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor. - PubMed - NCBI
2.)
Bat SARS-like coronavirus isolate Rf4092, complete genome - Nucleotide - NCBI
'....a) Wuhan Inst. Virol., b) Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease, c) Eco Health Alliance, New York, d) Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore....'
Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. - PubMed - NCBI
3.)
Rhinolophus affinis coronavirus isolate LYRa11, complete genome - Nucleotide - NCBI
'....a) Academy of Military Medical Sciences, b) Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease....'
Identification of diverse alphacoronaviruses and genomic characterization of a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronavirus from bats i... - PubMed - NCBI
4.)
Bat SARS coronavirus Rm1, complete genome - Nucleotide - NCBI
'....a) Wuhan Inst. Virol., b) Australian Animal Health Laboratory....'
Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses. - PubMed - NCBI
'....a) Institute of Zoology, Beijing, b) Australian Animal Health Laboratory, c) Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland, d) Consortium for Conservation Medicine, New York
Currently in the news is Australian economic losses in the billions (proven or predicted) due to COVID-19.
Viral Metagenomics Revealed Sendai Virus and Coronavirus Infection of Malayan Pangolins (Manis javanica). - PubMed - NCBI
Four entries on the coronavirus list in the article (31652964) are:
1.)
Bat SARS-like coronavirus Rs3367, complete genome - Nucleotide - NCBI
'....uses ACE2 (Nature 2013)....Wuhan Institute of Virology
Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor. - PubMed - NCBI
2.)
Bat SARS-like coronavirus isolate Rf4092, complete genome - Nucleotide - NCBI
'....a) Wuhan Inst. Virol., b) Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease, c) Eco Health Alliance, New York, d) Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore....'
Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARS-related coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus. - PubMed - NCBI
3.)
Rhinolophus affinis coronavirus isolate LYRa11, complete genome - Nucleotide - NCBI
'....a) Academy of Military Medical Sciences, b) Yunnan Institute of Endemic Disease....'
Identification of diverse alphacoronaviruses and genomic characterization of a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronavirus from bats i... - PubMed - NCBI
4.)
Bat SARS coronavirus Rm1, complete genome - Nucleotide - NCBI
'....a) Wuhan Inst. Virol., b) Australian Animal Health Laboratory....'
Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses. - PubMed - NCBI
'....a) Institute of Zoology, Beijing, b) Australian Animal Health Laboratory, c) Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland, d) Consortium for Conservation Medicine, New York
Currently in the news is Australian economic losses in the billions (proven or predicted) due to COVID-19.
In post # 467, Rhinolophus sinicus uses ACE2, though three other bat-virus hosts were found in pangolins: R. macrotis, R. ferrumequinum, and R. affinis.
Having mentioned FOXP3 and BATF in post #450, two studies are noteworthy:
Heidelberg / FOXP3 / BATF
Precursors for Nonlymphoid-Tissue Treg Cells Reside in Secondary Lymphoid Organs and Are Programmed by the Transcription Factor BATF. - PubMed - NCBI
Sweden / FOXP3 / BATF
Molecular signatures of T-cell inhibition in HIV-1 infection. - PubMed - NCBI
FOXP3 is on chromosome Xp11.23. FOXN6 is on chromosome Xp11.21.
FOXN6
Germ-line mutation of Foxn5 gene in mouse lineage. - PubMed - NCBI
Having mentioned FOXP3 and BATF in post #450, two studies are noteworthy:
Heidelberg / FOXP3 / BATF
Precursors for Nonlymphoid-Tissue Treg Cells Reside in Secondary Lymphoid Organs and Are Programmed by the Transcription Factor BATF. - PubMed - NCBI
Sweden / FOXP3 / BATF
Molecular signatures of T-cell inhibition in HIV-1 infection. - PubMed - NCBI
FOXP3 is on chromosome Xp11.23. FOXN6 is on chromosome Xp11.21.
FOXN6
Germ-line mutation of Foxn5 gene in mouse lineage. - PubMed - NCBI
Germ-line mutation (post #468) establishes that FOXN6 descended from FOXN5 and that these link to human chromosome 11q23.3. Search terms '11q23.3 virus' at Pubmed, yields 4 refs, including an endogenous retrovirus which is a link to T-cell inhibition in HIV-1 infection (post #468):
Germany / 11q23.3 / Endogenous Retrovirus K
Human endogenous retrovirus K (HML-2) RNA and protein expression is a marker for human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. - PubMed - NCBI
Germany / 11q23.3 / Endogenous Retrovirus K
Human endogenous retrovirus K (HML-2) RNA and protein expression is a marker for human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. - PubMed - NCBI
After having posted the pangolin and human BATF sequences, a Pubmed search BATF virus yields two hepatitis B connections:
BATF Interference / HBV
BATF Interference Blocks Th17 Cell Differentiation and Inflammatory Response in Hepatitis B Virus Transgenic Mice. - PubMed - NCBI
BATF / Chronic HBV
Increased BATF expression is associated with the severity of liver damage in patients with chronic hepatitis B. - PubMed - NCBI
11q23.3 search yielded four refs, and one of those four is an important HBV link to Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia:
11q23.3 / Estrogen Loss of Heterozygosity / Fox Chase
Neoplastic transformation of human breast epithelial cells by estrogens and chemical carcinogens. - PubMed - NCBI
Baruch S. Blumberg, discoverer of the Australian antigen of hepatitis B virus, worked at NASA Astrobiology and Fox Chase Cancer Center. Blumberg also used the cold-shock-induced deoxynojirimycin to prevent maturation of HBV. For further possible links to pangolin BATF, it should be noted that hepatitis B virus and HIV-1 may have once have been the same virus. FOXP3 is on chromosomes Xp11.23 and 7q31.
BATF Interference / HBV
BATF Interference Blocks Th17 Cell Differentiation and Inflammatory Response in Hepatitis B Virus Transgenic Mice. - PubMed - NCBI
BATF / Chronic HBV
Increased BATF expression is associated with the severity of liver damage in patients with chronic hepatitis B. - PubMed - NCBI
11q23.3 search yielded four refs, and one of those four is an important HBV link to Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia:
11q23.3 / Estrogen Loss of Heterozygosity / Fox Chase
Neoplastic transformation of human breast epithelial cells by estrogens and chemical carcinogens. - PubMed - NCBI
Baruch S. Blumberg, discoverer of the Australian antigen of hepatitis B virus, worked at NASA Astrobiology and Fox Chase Cancer Center. Blumberg also used the cold-shock-induced deoxynojirimycin to prevent maturation of HBV. For further possible links to pangolin BATF, it should be noted that hepatitis B virus and HIV-1 may have once have been the same virus. FOXP3 is on chromosomes Xp11.23 and 7q31.
The COVID-19 was linked to a church congregation:
20 Feb 2020 South Korea First Death, 2.5 Million Situate in Place
https://thedenverchannel.com/news/world/south-korea-reports-first-death-from-covid-19
20 Feb 2020 South Korea First Death, 2.5 Million Situate in Place
https://thedenverchannel.com/news/world/south-korea-reports-first-death-from-covid-19
This is the stupidity that will continue to get people killed because there is no vaccine and the COVID-19 reservoir remains in Nature:
16 Feb 2020 'Animals Live for Man': China's Appetite for Wildlife Likely to Survive Virus
(URL transcribed as found)
ca.news.yahoo.com/animals-live-manchinas-appetite-231738405.html
'...."I'd like to sell once the ban is lifted.....They buy for themselves to eat or give as presents because it is very presentable and gives you face." '
16 Feb 2020 'Animals Live for Man': China's Appetite for Wildlife Likely to Survive Virus
(URL transcribed as found)
ca.news.yahoo.com/animals-live-manchinas-appetite-231738405.html
'...."I'd like to sell once the ban is lifted.....They buy for themselves to eat or give as presents because it is very presentable and gives you face." '
The COVID-19 vector-reservoir must be found.
7 Feb 2020 USA Today Pangolins May Have Spread Coronavirus to Humans: What to Know
(URL transcribed as found)
usatoday.com/story/news/health/2020/02/07/coronavirus-pangolin-virus-host-who-virus-update-friday/4688785002/
'....James Wood, told the French news agency that more data is needed and showing similarity between the genome sequences alone is "not sufficient." "You can only draw more definitive conclusions if you compare prevalence (of the coronavirus) between different species based on representative samples, which these almost certainly are not," Dirk Pfeiffer, a professor of veterinary medicine at Hong Kong's City University, told Reuters.'
7 Feb 2020 USA Today Pangolins May Have Spread Coronavirus to Humans: What to Know
(URL transcribed as found)
usatoday.com/story/news/health/2020/02/07/coronavirus-pangolin-virus-host-who-virus-update-friday/4688785002/
'....James Wood, told the French news agency that more data is needed and showing similarity between the genome sequences alone is "not sufficient." "You can only draw more definitive conclusions if you compare prevalence (of the coronavirus) between different species based on representative samples, which these almost certainly are not," Dirk Pfeiffer, a professor of veterinary medicine at Hong Kong's City University, told Reuters.'
Current Pubmed COVID-19 report is that the Chinese will use chloroquine. We reported on chloroquine on 10 Feb (post #357):
COVID-19 / Chloroquine
Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. - PubMed - NCBI
COVID-19 / Chloroquine
Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies. - PubMed - NCBI
Shenzhen, Sydney, Philadelphia
'We report that the infection is spreading at an exponential rate, with a doubling time of 1.8 days.'
2019 Novel coronavirus: where we are and what we know. - PubMed - NCBI
NBC News is using an efficient, condensed reporting format, though we have yet to learn of the nationality of the victims. Were they Japanese, or not?
2 Die on Diamond Princess, Ukraine Protests, China vs Wall Street Journal
(URL transcribed as found)
news.yahoo.com/coronavirus-updates-2-passengers-die-105555953.html
'We report that the infection is spreading at an exponential rate, with a doubling time of 1.8 days.'
2019 Novel coronavirus: where we are and what we know. - PubMed - NCBI
NBC News is using an efficient, condensed reporting format, though we have yet to learn of the nationality of the victims. Were they Japanese, or not?
2 Die on Diamond Princess, Ukraine Protests, China vs Wall Street Journal
(URL transcribed as found)
news.yahoo.com/coronavirus-updates-2-passengers-die-105555953.html
It's a good idea to bring Diamond Princess passengers back to the U.S.: chaotic conditions aboard the ship's incubator, and the study of COVID-19 evolution in the host.
We mentioned FOXP3 and BATF (pangolin/human) in posts #450 & #468. La Jolla for pangolin was mentioned in post #448, and thus we link the naming of Fox genes so that readers know the hepatic (liver) connections: pangolin BATF was from a female liver.
'....Forkhead (winged helix) is one of these transcription factors....a second transcription factor was biochemically purified and cloned. This is a gene named KNF-3alpha, a hepatocyte-enriched transcription factor in the rat. In November 1990, a veritable drama unfolded after a letter to the editor was published in Cell Weigel and Jackle found a 100-amino acid conservation between Drosophila fkh and rat HNF-3alpha, and named it the forkhead domain....As the number of forkhead/winged helix genes in higher organisms increased, confusion occurred: namely, one gene had several names and two genes had similar names. To avoid such complexity and also to introduce a common language, a nomenclature conference was held at La Jolla in November 1998, and the researchers at the conference agreed that we would call the forkhead/winged helix genes by a unified, systematic name, Fox....synergistic actions of transcription factors, namely, the target gene expression may depend on the concentration of a key transcription factor. We therefore believe that gene dosage is an important point in determining the ultimate function of a transcription factor. A half-dose may not be sufficient for the function while a double dose may exert an abnormal function.'
(Epstein, Inborn Errors of Development: The Molecular Basis of Clinical Disorders of Morphogenesis)
We mentioned FOXP3 and BATF (pangolin/human) in posts #450 & #468. La Jolla for pangolin was mentioned in post #448, and thus we link the naming of Fox genes so that readers know the hepatic (liver) connections: pangolin BATF was from a female liver.
'....Forkhead (winged helix) is one of these transcription factors....a second transcription factor was biochemically purified and cloned. This is a gene named KNF-3alpha, a hepatocyte-enriched transcription factor in the rat. In November 1990, a veritable drama unfolded after a letter to the editor was published in Cell Weigel and Jackle found a 100-amino acid conservation between Drosophila fkh and rat HNF-3alpha, and named it the forkhead domain....As the number of forkhead/winged helix genes in higher organisms increased, confusion occurred: namely, one gene had several names and two genes had similar names. To avoid such complexity and also to introduce a common language, a nomenclature conference was held at La Jolla in November 1998, and the researchers at the conference agreed that we would call the forkhead/winged helix genes by a unified, systematic name, Fox....synergistic actions of transcription factors, namely, the target gene expression may depend on the concentration of a key transcription factor. We therefore believe that gene dosage is an important point in determining the ultimate function of a transcription factor. A half-dose may not be sufficient for the function while a double dose may exert an abnormal function.'
(Epstein, Inborn Errors of Development: The Molecular Basis of Clinical Disorders of Morphogenesis)
If the Chinese are going to use chloroquine against COVID-19 (post #475), then we investigate the FOX gene connections to chloroquine, because hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 alpha (HNF-3alpha) = FOXA1:
'In 1993, the 3-dimensional structure of HNF-3 gamma, a subfamily member of HNF-3alpha was determined. It is characterized by two unique loops connected to the helix-turn-helix and was thus called "winged helix" thereafter (Clark et al, 1993, Co-Crystal Structure of HNF-3alpha/Forkhead DNA-Recognition Motif Resembles Histone, Nature 364: 412-20).'
(Epstein, Inborn Errors of Development, op cit. The Forkhead Gene Family)
We thus search Pubmed 'chloroquine histone' to retrieve a study funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, recalling that Guangdong Province is/was a major collecting point for bat viruses.
Feb 2020
Cholesterol derivatives induce dephosphorylation of the histone deacetylases Rpd3/HDAC1 to upregulate autophagy. - PubMed - NCBI
'....Bombyx mori....autophagy....three phosphorylation sites, Ser392, Ser421, and Ser423, identified in Bombyx mori Rpd3 (BmRpd3) were conserved in Homo sapiens HDAC1 (histone deacetylase 1)....chloroquine.'
The abstract only mentions that chloroquine is mentioned in the body of the text. Therefore we cannot retrieve the context for chloroquine. Furthermore, the price to rent-to-read this article is $51.00 for 24 hours, $312 for 30 days. We believe that the COVID-19 study that was mentioned in this thread that pointed to possible phosphorylation sites was the Benvenuto study (post #151), though we did not precisely excerpt that passage.
Another Pubmed entry linking chloroquine also links FOXO3A to autophagy:
Shanghai / Chloroquine / Autophagy / FOXO3A
MeCP2 inhibits cell functionality through FoxO3a and autophagy in endothelial progenitor cells. - PubMed - NCBI
We have thus linked an anti-hepatitis B virus tree (mulberry to the moth that feeds on it, recalling moth-cell cultures mentioned previously in the thread (post # 158).
'In 1993, the 3-dimensional structure of HNF-3 gamma, a subfamily member of HNF-3alpha was determined. It is characterized by two unique loops connected to the helix-turn-helix and was thus called "winged helix" thereafter (Clark et al, 1993, Co-Crystal Structure of HNF-3alpha/Forkhead DNA-Recognition Motif Resembles Histone, Nature 364: 412-20).'
(Epstein, Inborn Errors of Development, op cit. The Forkhead Gene Family)
We thus search Pubmed 'chloroquine histone' to retrieve a study funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, recalling that Guangdong Province is/was a major collecting point for bat viruses.
Feb 2020
Cholesterol derivatives induce dephosphorylation of the histone deacetylases Rpd3/HDAC1 to upregulate autophagy. - PubMed - NCBI
'....Bombyx mori....autophagy....three phosphorylation sites, Ser392, Ser421, and Ser423, identified in Bombyx mori Rpd3 (BmRpd3) were conserved in Homo sapiens HDAC1 (histone deacetylase 1)....chloroquine.'
The abstract only mentions that chloroquine is mentioned in the body of the text. Therefore we cannot retrieve the context for chloroquine. Furthermore, the price to rent-to-read this article is $51.00 for 24 hours, $312 for 30 days. We believe that the COVID-19 study that was mentioned in this thread that pointed to possible phosphorylation sites was the Benvenuto study (post #151), though we did not precisely excerpt that passage.
Another Pubmed entry linking chloroquine also links FOXO3A to autophagy:
Shanghai / Chloroquine / Autophagy / FOXO3A
MeCP2 inhibits cell functionality through FoxO3a and autophagy in endothelial progenitor cells. - PubMed - NCBI
We have thus linked an anti-hepatitis B virus tree (mulberry to the moth that feeds on it, recalling moth-cell cultures mentioned previously in the thread (post # 158).
Bombyx mori /Bungarus codon usage was mentioned in post #415. Which of the Nebraska 11 have more ACE2 receptors in their lungs?
11 Taken to Nebraska Test Positive
news.yahoo.com/coronavirus-11-13-diamond-princess-132101520.html
just in case, we'll try variations of the URL:
Coronavirus: 11 of 13 Diamond Princess evacuees taken to Nebraska test positive
Coronavirus: 11 of 13 Diamond Princess evacuees taken to Nebraska test positive
11 Taken to Nebraska Test Positive
news.yahoo.com/coronavirus-11-13-diamond-princess-132101520.html
just in case, we'll try variations of the URL:
Coronavirus: 11 of 13 Diamond Princess evacuees taken to Nebraska test positive
Coronavirus: 11 of 13 Diamond Princess evacuees taken to Nebraska test positive
AFT: There is a COVID-19 course available:
coursera.org/learn/covid-19
Science Matters: Let's Talk About COVID-19 | Coursera
Science Matters: Let's Talk About COVID-19 | Coursera
Avian Flu Talk: South Korea Updates/Info 'Have been saying for some time, it's the lag from infection to symptoms.'
FOX genes and BATF may link to transcription factor ratio unbalance that may have a connection to ACE2 receptors in the host. We'll see.
coursera.org/learn/covid-19
Science Matters: Let's Talk About COVID-19 | Coursera
Science Matters: Let's Talk About COVID-19 | Coursera
Avian Flu Talk: South Korea Updates/Info 'Have been saying for some time, it's the lag from infection to symptoms.'
FOX genes and BATF may link to transcription factor ratio unbalance that may have a connection to ACE2 receptors in the host. We'll see.
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