We have already posted (USMB search: Neophocaena) on the Yangtze finless porpoise as suspected intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2. We have already posted (USMB search: Withania) on the abortifacient chemistry which links Ben Franklin's abortifacient, Pennyroyal, against SARS-CoV-2.
We have already posted on the de-activation of coronaviruses by chloroquine (USMB search: Blau and Holmes, International Symposium, Philadelphia, 2000). We have already posted on the activation of HOX genes during differentiation and linked this activation to chloroquine:
The coronavirus disease, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global health crisis that is being endured with an increased alarm of transmission each day. Though the pandemic has activated innumerable research attention to decipher an antidote...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
'....chloroquine, Liu, et al, Wuhan Institute of Virology:
Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
....'
An important link will be the bat viruses collected in Laos, with particular reference to BANAL-236 from Rhinolophus marshalli (northern Laos, 2020). This bat virus links to Edward C. Holmes (Australia), whom Edward Hooper (AIDS Origins page) has already mentioned, Holmes having co-authored papers with Yongzhen Zhang.
Note SARS-CoV-2 virus announced in Jan 2020.
Yongzhen Zhang
en.wikipedia.org
'....along with Edward C. Holmes, U. of Sydney, was awarded the 2021 General Symbiont prize.'
Edward C. Holmes / Rhinolophus marshalli
PubMed® comprises more than 34 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
'....of most note, five SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses were recently identified in these Rhinolophus species in Laos (R. malayanus, R. pusillus, R. marshalli), three of which grouped closely with human SARS-CoV-2 on phylogenetic trees and possessed a receptor binding domain with high sequence similarity to that of SARS-CoV-2 And the ability to bind to human ACE2 receptor.'
Note that the Holmes report is co-authored along with:
'Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Shanghai; Dept. Of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada.'
SARS-CoV-2 was reported in the media in Jan 2020. BANAL-236 strain from laotian R. marshalli was mentioned here:
Feb 2020 / Illegal Wildlife Trade in Vietnam
Despite the discovery of several closely related viruses in bats, the direct evolutionary progenitor of SARS-CoV-2 has not yet been identified. In this study, we investigated potential animal sources of SARS-related coronaviruses using archived specimens from Sunda pangolins (<i>Manis...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
The Neophocaena link mentioned above, links to the evolution of HOX genes. We have already mentioned HOX genes for Guttmacher syndrome and hand-foot-genital syndrome that connect with abortifacient chemistry and we have already posted on Beluga whale coronavirus sequences here at USMB:
Jun 2007 Northeast Ohio University College of Medicine / Evolution of HOX Gene Family in Bats and Dolphins
Cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) have a soft tissue flipper that encases most of the forelimb, and elongated digits with an increased number of phalanges (hyperphalangy). In addition, some cetaceans exhibit a reduction in digit number. Although toothed cetaceans (odontocetes) are...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
'....An example of these differing morphologies is illustrated in manus bending in whales vs. bats. The hyperphalangeous flipper of a humpback whale bends at numerous angles to create a smooth arc along the length of a digit, while the elongated digits in wings of bats bend at sharp angles at interrphalangeal joints.
....
Evolutionarily, perhaps hyperphalangy is a functional consequence of having a lift-generating flipper with the greatest pressure on the leading edge surface, as in airfoils.
....
Institute Source and Specimens Studied: Delphinapterus leucas.'
Beluga Whale, Delphinapterus leucas.