Well...no. Proclamation 95 was an Executive order, by the CoC in wartime, So it had an instant effect without any input from Congress at all. Congress and the states did pass the 13th amendment..so you're right as well.
The
Emancipation Proclamation, or
Proclamation 95, was a
presidential proclamation and
executive order issued by United States President
Abraham Lincoln on September 22, 1862, during the
Civil War. The Proclamation read:
That on the first day of January in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State, or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom.[2]
On January 1, 1863, the Proclamation changed the legal status under federal law of more than 3.5 million
enslaved African Americans in the secessionist
Confederate states from enslaved to free. As soon as a slave escaped the control of the Confederate government, either by running away across Union lines or through the advance of federal troops, the person was permanently free. Ultimately, the Union victory
brought the proclamation into effect in all of the former Confederacy.
The proclamation was directed to all of the areas in rebellion and all segments of the
executive branch (including the Army and Navy) of the United States.
[3] It proclaimed the freedom of enslaved people in the ten states in rebellion.
[4] Even though it excluded areas not in rebellion, it still applied to more than 3.5 million of the 4 million enslaved people in the country. Around 25,000 to 75,000 were immediately emancipated in those regions of the Confederacy where the US Army was already in place. It could not be enforced in the areas still in rebellion, but as the Union army took control of Confederate regions, the Proclamation provided the legal framework for the liberation of more than three and a half million enslaved people in those regions. Prior to the Proclamation, in accordance with the
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, escaped enslaved persons were either returned to their masters or held in camps as
contraband for later return.
[5][6] The Emancipation Proclamation outraged white Southerners and their sympathizers, who saw it as the beginning of a race war.