A lot of the people working minimum wage jobs are disabled or older. There are a lot of things one can rise above, but if you have a psychological disorder or are disabled in some way that's not realistic.
It's easy as a psychologically normative, physically capable young white man to rise above his circumstances. Not saying that hard work and dedication aren't important, but if you were not raised in a good household with good role models and poor education, you can easily fall into the minimum wage trap.
I've suffered from and have received treatment for an anxiety disorder. Physical reactions to stress have caused panic attacks in the past. I'm working through it and have had the occasion to move up, but one lesson I've learned is that it is not a good idea to look down on those less fortunate than you and make assumptions about their ambition and work ethic. Actually, that kind of makes you an asshole.
Not to mention discrimination against minorities directly and indirectly by employers. If you get a felony, good luck getting a good job outside mcdonalds. Blacks are overwhelmingly arrested and convicted for such crimes, especially poor blacks in poor neighborhoods. Disproportionately to their crime rates. They also live in poor neighborhoods with few real jobs.