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We already have an enormous electrical infrastructure. How many houses do you know without electricity? It is gasoline that has poor infrastructure support, who has a gasoline pipeline to their house?Sodium-ion batteries have the same disadvantage of being low energy density and requiring an electrical infrastructure. Plus I'm pretty sure they weren't commercially practical.
Not needed, just inevitable.But you are basically admitting that a new battery technology is needed.
Fossil fuels are easily transported. It's that and their high energy density which makes them so practical.We already have an enormous electrical infrastructure. How many houses do you know without electricity? It is gasoline that has poor infrastructure support, who has a gasoline pipeline to their house?
The replacement of gasoline is inevitable, even without new battery technology our electrical grid is already there and not going away. Besides electricity, natural gas may compete for awhile but electricity will win in the end.
It is needed given the low energy density of batteries and the staggering numbers of that reality. You clearly have not thought this through. It's just math. Apply math to your Utopian vision.Not needed, just inevitable.
Fossil fuels are NOT easily transported, they require pipelines that can leak and trucks for final delivery. It is their legacy infrastructure that makes them so popular. If you think about it you'd see that electricity can replace gasoline in America but gasoline could never replace electricity. Eventually the cost of maintaining two separate infrastructure systems will make one impractical.Fossil fuels are easily transported. It's that and their high energy density which makes them so practical.
If the gov't mandated that every electric car battery was a standard size and type that could be quickly installed and removed, instead of gassing up on the highway you'd swap out your used up battery for a new one and be on your way. Apply some imagination.It is needed given the low energy density of batteries and the staggering numbers of that reality. You clearly have not thought this through. It's just math. Apply math to your Utopian vision.
Don't look for petroleum/alcohol & nitro powered internal combustion engines to go away anytime soon as one gets a LOT OF BANG FOR THE BUCK with them!You can't simply calculate how many electric vehicles (EV) batteries are needed for the worldwide fleet to replace internal combustion engines. First of all there is no exact number of internal combustion engines in the world. Secondly there is variability in the battery size of EV batteries. So the best way to calculate how much lithium is needed to replace all of internal combustion engines in the world is to look at the daily energy consumed by internal combustion engines. This is the amount of EV battery capacity that is needed to operate EV's on a daily basis.
So we have to start with how much oil is produced daily. That number is 88 million barrels of oil per day. Then we need to calculate how much of that oil is actually refined into gasoline and diesel. Approximately 45 percent of a typical barrel of crude oil is refined into gasoline. An additional 29 percent is refined to diesel fuel. So I will start with the assumption that 74% of the 88 million barrels of oil per day is being consumed by ICE engines or 65,120,000 barrels of oil per day (88,000,000 bopd x 0.74 = 65,120,000 bopd). This is the amount of EV battery capacity that is needed to operate EV's on a daily basis.
Next we need to calculate the energy equivalent in kWh of 65,120,000 barrels of oil per day. The energy contained in a barrel of oil is approximately 5.8 million British thermal units (MBtus) or 1,700 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of energy. So there are an equivalent 110,700,000,000 kWh (110,700,000 mWh or 110,700 gWh or 110.7 tWh) in 65,120,000 barrels of oil (65,120,000 bbl of oil x 1700 kWh/bbl of oil = 110,700,000,000 kWh).
Next we need to determine the amount of lithium that is required to produce enough batteries to hold a charge of 110,700,000,000 kWh. The lithium content found in a lithium-ion battery for an electric vehicle is approximately 0.85 kg of lithium carbonate per kWh. This amounts to approximately 0.16kg of Lithium metal/kWh. So the amount of lithium required to produce enough batteries to hold a charge of 110,700,000,000 kWh is 17,713,000,000 kg of lithium metal.
So the answer to the question of how much lithium is needed to replace all internal combustion engines in the world is 17,713,000,000 kg of lithium metal. Which is equal to 17,712,640 metric tons.
Worldwide Oil Produced per day
Global oil production 2022 | Statista
Global oil production amounted to 93.9million barrels per day in 2022.www.statista.com
Percent of Gasoline/Diesel Refined per barrel of oil
kWh Equivalent of a barrel of oil
Lithium metal Required per kWH
How Much Lithium is in an Electric car Battery?_Greenway battery | E-BIKE Battery-Custom Lithium Battery Pack
How Much Lithium is in an Electric car Battery?-Greenway battery | E-BIKE Battery-Custom Lithium Battery Packm.greenway-battery.com
Any questions?
They can be transported by tanker truck, so yeah, it easily transported to areas without big infrastructures in place.Fossil fuels are NOT easily transported, they require pipelines that can leak and trucks for final delivery. It is their legacy infrastructure that makes them so popular. If you think about it you'd see that electricity can replace gasoline in America but gasoline could never replace electricity. Eventually the cost of maintaining two separate infrastructure systems will make one impractical.
If the gov't mandated that every electric car battery was a standard size and type that could be quickly installed and removed, instead of gassing up on the highway you'd swap out your used up battery for a new one and be on your way. Apply some imagination.
Easily transported compared to what? Coal? Uranium? Certainly not compared to electricity.They can be transported by tanker truck, so yeah, it easily transported to areas without big infrastructures in place.
The poor regions need machines to become rich. The high energy density of fossil fuels which can be easily transported and the broad range of machines that use them makes it the perfect fuel for developing nations.Easily transported compared to what? Coal? Uranium? Certainly not compared to electricity.
Realistic transportation solutions.Ok, what was it about?
That aren't mass transportation?Realistic transportation solutions.
Actually just the opposite is true. In places without infrastructure you'll end up having to build roads, pipelines, and trucks (imported) in addition to an electrical infrastructure. Anyone with a few solar cells can make their own electricity but they have to import gas. You don't get rich importing other countries products, you become dependant.The poor regions need machines to become rich. The high energy density of fossil fuels which can be easily transported and the broad range of machines that use them makes it the perfect fuel for developing nations.
Poor countries don't become rich countries without machines.Actually just the opposite is true. In places without infrastructure you'll end up having to build roads, pipelines, and trucks (imported) in addition to an electrical infrastructure. Anyone with a few solar cells can make their own electricity but they have to import gas. You don't get rich importing other countries products, you become dependant.
Do they have to be fossil-fueled?Poor countries don't become rich countries without machines.
No. They can remain poor countries.Do they have to be fossil-fueled?
Your ideology is clouding your judgement. Do the math.No. They can remain poor countries.
I would but portable nuclear reactors aren't an option.Your ideology is clouding your judgement. Do the math.
I have a question. How much copper do we need to recharge 17,712,640 metric tons of lithium?You can't simply calculate how many electric vehicles (EV) batteries are needed for the worldwide fleet to replace internal combustion engines. First of all there is no exact number of internal combustion engines in the world. Secondly there is variability in the battery size of EV batteries. So the best way to calculate how much lithium is needed to replace all of internal combustion engines in the world is to look at the daily energy consumed by internal combustion engines. This is the amount of EV battery capacity that is needed to operate EV's on a daily basis.
So we have to start with how much oil is produced daily. That number is 88 million barrels of oil per day. Then we need to calculate how much of that oil is actually refined into gasoline and diesel. Approximately 45 percent of a typical barrel of crude oil is refined into gasoline. An additional 29 percent is refined to diesel fuel. So I will start with the assumption that 74% of the 88 million barrels of oil per day is being consumed by ICE engines or 65,120,000 barrels of oil per day (88,000,000 bopd x 0.74 = 65,120,000 bopd). This is the amount of EV battery capacity that is needed to operate EV's on a daily basis.
Next we need to calculate the energy equivalent in kWh of 65,120,000 barrels of oil per day. The energy contained in a barrel of oil is approximately 5.8 million British thermal units (MBtus) or 1,700 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of energy. So there are an equivalent 110,700,000,000 kWh (110,700,000 mWh or 110,700 gWh or 110.7 tWh) in 65,120,000 barrels of oil (65,120,000 bbl of oil x 1700 kWh/bbl of oil = 110,700,000,000 kWh).
Next we need to determine the amount of lithium that is required to produce enough batteries to hold a charge of 110,700,000,000 kWh. The lithium content found in a lithium-ion battery for an electric vehicle is approximately 0.85 kg of lithium carbonate per kWh. This amounts to approximately 0.16kg of Lithium metal/kWh. So the amount of lithium required to produce enough batteries to hold a charge of 110,700,000,000 kWh is 17,713,000,000 kg of lithium metal.
So the answer to the question of how much lithium is needed to replace all internal combustion engines in the world is 17,713,000,000 kg of lithium metal. Which is equal to 17,712,640 metric tons.
Worldwide Oil Produced per day
Global oil production 2022 | Statista
Global oil production amounted to 93.9million barrels per day in 2022.
Percent of Gasoline/Diesel Refined per barrel of oil
kWh Equivalent of a barrel of oil
Lithium metal Required per kWH
How Much Lithium is in an Electric car Battery?_Greenway battery | E-BIKE Battery-Custom Lithium Battery Pack
How Much Lithium is in an Electric car Battery?-Greenway battery | E-BIKE Battery-Custom Lithium Battery Pack
Any questions?
Your math skills and your imagination need work. On the other hand, your ideology is strong enough to blind you.I would but portable nuclear reactors aren't an option.
Good question.I have a question. How much copper do we need to recharge 17,712,640 metric tons of lithium?
I have a sneaky feeling we'll have to dig the planet up to allegedly save it.
I don't have ideology. I have math. You have ideology. That's why you don't like me saying your emperor has no clothes.Your math skills and your imagination need work. On the other hand, your ideology is strong enough to blind you.
You don't have the math, you only think you do because of your myopia. What I have is history. How many times has the 'math' predicted an end to a resource and how many times has it been right? Start counting from Malthus.I don't have ideology. I have math. You have ideology. That's why you don't like me saying your emperor has no clothes.
