On January 22, 1973, the Supreme Court issued a 7–2 decision in favor of Norma McCorvey ("Jane Roe") that held that women in the United States have a fundamental right to choose whether or not to have abortions without excessive government restriction, and struck down Texas's abortion ban as unconstitutional. The decision was issued together with a companion case,
Doe v. Bolton, that involved a similar challenge to
Georgia's abortion laws.
Opinion of the Court

Justice
Harry Blackmun, the author of the majority opinion in
Roe v. Wade
Seven justices formed the majority and joined an opinion written by Justice
Harry Blackmun. The opinion recited the facts of the case, then dealt with issues of procedure and
justiciability before proceeding to the main constitutional issues of the case.
Mootness
The Court's opinion first addressed the legal question of
mootness, which generally bars American federal courts from hearing cases that have ceased to be "live" controversies because of intervening events.
[47] Under a normal application of the principle, McCorvey's appeal had become moot because she had already given birth to her child and thus would not be affected by a ruling in her favor.
[48]
The Court concluded that the case came within an established exception to the rule: one that allowed consideration of an issue that was "capable of repetition, yet evading review".
[49] Blackmun noted that pregnancy would normally conclude more quickly than an appellate process: "If that termination makes a case moot, pregnancy litigation seldom will survive much beyond the trial stage, and appellate review will be effectively denied."
[50]
Abortion and right to privacy
After dealing with mootness and
standing, the Court then proceeded to the main issue of the case: the constitutionality of Texas's abortion law. The Court first surveyed abortion's legal status throughout the history of
Roman law and the
Anglo-American common law.
[5] It also reviewed the developments of medical procedures and technology used in abortions, which had only become reliably safe in the early 20th century.
[5]
After its historical survey, the Court introduced the concept of a constitutional "right to privacy" that was intimated in earlier cases involving parental control over childrearing—
Meyer v. Nebraska and
Pierce v. Society of Sisters—and reproductive autonomy with the use of contraception—
Griswold v. Connecticut.
[5] Then, "with virtually no further explanation of the privacy value",
[6] the Court ruled that regardless of exactly which of its provisions were involved, the U.S. Constitution's guarantees of liberty covered a right to privacy that generally protected a pregnant woman's decision whether or not to abort a pregnancy.
[5]
This right of privacy, whether it be founded in the
Fourteenth Amendment's concept of personal liberty and restrictions upon state action, as we feel it is, or ... in the
Ninth Amendment's reservation of rights to the people, is broad enough to encompass a woman's decision whether or not to terminate her pregnancy.
— 
Roe, 410 U.S. at 153.
[51]