The major COVID-related supply chain disruptions began in early 2020 and unfolded in several phases:
Early 2020 (January–March)
- The outbreak in China—especially lockdowns in manufacturing hubs like Wuhan—shut down factories.
- This caused immediate shortages of components and finished goods worldwide.
Mid to Late 2020
- As the virus spread globally, countries imposed lockdowns, disrupting production, shipping, and labor.
- Demand patterns shifted suddenly (e.g., surge in home goods, drop in travel-related products).
- Ports and shipping networks became strained.
2021 (Peak disruption)
- This was the worst period for global supply chains.
- Container shortages, port congestion (notably in Los Angeles and Long Beach), and shipping delays became widespread.
- Semiconductor shortages hit industries like automotive and electronics.
2022 (Gradual easing, but still unstable)
- Backlogs slowly cleared, but issues persisted due to new waves of COVID (e.g., lockdowns in China), labor shortages, and high demand
By 2023
- Most supply chains had largely stabilized, though some sectors continued adjusting and building resilience.
In short: disruptions started in early 2020, peaked in 2021, and gradually improved through 2022–2023.