U.S. Arms Transfers: Government Data
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American arms manufacturers have two major channels through which they can sell major weaponry to foreign countries: foreign military sales ("FMS"), in which a government-to-government agreement is negotiated by the Pentagon; and direct commercial sales ("DCS"), in which industry negotiates directly with the purchasing country and must apply for a license from the State Department.
The United States government also transfers arms to other countries by giving away weapons from U.S.military stocks for free or at greatly reduced prices, classified as excess defense articles (EDA) or emergency "drawdowns." The United States also provides military training to many foreign countries. These transfers are also managed by the Defense Department. For more information about types of U.S.arms transfers, read the "Ways and Means" chapter of The Arms Trade Revealed.
•Reporting on Exported Articles and Services Needs to Be Improved, U.S. Government Accountability Office, 21 September 2010.
•"What is the "Total Package Approach"?," DSCA Director's Blog, 6 October 2009.
•Defense Trade Data, U.S. Government Accountability Office, GAO-06-319r, January 2006.
•Congressional Reports and DSCA Reports Control System, Appendix Five, Security Assistance Management Manual, Defense Security Cooperation Agency, U.S. Department of Defense. January 2006.
Recent News
•Section 655 Report on Direct Commercial Sales Authorizations for Fiscal Year 2009, March 2011
•"Documents Obtained by FAS Shed New Light on US Arms Transfers," Strategic Security Blog, 25 February 2011.
•"Agreements with and Deliveries to Major Clients, 2002-2009," Congressional Research Service, 20 December 2010.
•"Major U.S. Arms Sales and Grants to Pakistan Since 2001," Congressional Research Service, updated 4 january 2011.
•"DSCA Releases FY2010 Sales Figures," Defense Security Cooperation Agency, 10 November 2010.
•"Pentagon plans $60 billion weapons sale to Saudi Arabia," Washington Post, 21 October 2010.
•Historical Facts Book, U.S. Defense Security Cooperation Agency, October 2010.
•U.S. Agencies Need to Improve Licensing Data and to Document Reviews of Arms Transfers for U.S. Foreign Policy and National Security Goals, U.S. Government Accountability Office, 28 September 2010.
•Reporting on Exported Articles and Services Needs to Be Improved, U.S. Government Accountability Office, 21 September 2010.
•"Report reveals $11.7 billion in arms deliveries in 2009, but sheds little light on individual exports," Federation of American Scientists, 16 August 2010.
•"U.S. Saudi Sale May Have 84 F-15s, Total $30 Billion," Bloomberg, 22 July 2010.
•"U.S. Defense Department sold more than $15 billion in arms in the first quarter of Fiscal Year 2009, report reveals," FAS Issue Brief, 23 April 2010.
•"Eight Recommendations for Improving Transparency in US Arms Transfers," FAS Issue Brief, 8 January 2010.
•"Record High Foreign Military Sales," DSCA Director's Blog, 22 October 2009.
FAS Databases
•Database on Small Arms Shipments from the US, 1990-2000. US State Department data (obtained under the Freedom of Information Act) on commercial small arms shipments. Searchable by couuntry, region and year.
◦"A Guide to the US Small Arms Market, Industry, and Exports, 1998-2004 by Tamar Gabelnick, Maria Haug, and Lora Lumpe, Small Arms Survey Occasional Paper 19.
Federation of American Scientists :: U.S. Arms Transfers: Government Data