China is in decline as the economy fails and workers are not being paid. Unemployment fir 30 and under is 30%. The real estate market has collapsed
Worker protests in China have surged significantly, primarily driven by unpaid wages, factory closures due to economic downturns, and mass layoffs. Trackers like the China Dissent Monitor and China Labour Bulletin indicate that the vast majority of dissent events are tied to these economic grievances across manufacturing, construction, and delivery sectors.
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Key Drivers of Unrest
- Unpaid Wages and Closures: As export orders and manufacturing output decline, small and medium-sized factories have been forced to lay off workers or halt operations, often leaving employees without back pay or severance.
- Real Estate Crisis:The ongoing financial strain in China's real estate sector has trickled down, leading to protests by unpaid construction workers who are owed months of wages.
- Delivery and Gig Work:Independent workers, particularly food delivery drivers on platforms like Meituan, have organized strikes over base pay reductions and unsafe working conditions, such as being forced to work during severe weather.
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Protests Outside of China
Chinese labor discontent is also spilling overseas. Notably, Chinese workers employed by international contractors have staged protests in countries like Russia, where hundreds of employees working on infrastructure projects marched in the Far East demanding back pay.
The Moscow Times
Censorship and Response
Because public demonstrations are swiftly suppressed by local authorities, workers frequently resort to drastic measures—such as threatening to jump from buildings or occupying government and social security bureau offices—to draw attention and force local officials to mediate their grievances. However, collective action frequently results in the punishment or arrest of organizers, keeping organized strikes highly risky for participants.
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Indonesia: 'Hundreds' of Chinese workers protest due to alleged wage theft at Jinjiang Alumina Integrated Industrial Park; incl. cos. non-responses
In March 2025,
China Labor Watch released a newsletter outlining labour rights abuses linked to Chinese companies worldwide, including impacts on Chinese migrant workers.
The newsletter alleges that, in March, ‘hundreds’ of Chinese workers at Jinjiang Alumina Integrated Industrial Park in Kalimantan, Indonesia, were reportedly subjected to months of wage theft. Construction at the project is being carried out by China Power Construction Group Nuclear Power Engineering (part of
PowerChina); and the Industrial Park is
being managed by
Hangzhou Jinjiang Group.
The newsletter also describes separate labour rights violations impacting a Chinese migrant worker in Indonesia, who was employed to dismantle a steel plant, including hazardous working conditions and wage theft.
Further, the newsletter describes wider human rights issues linked to Chinese companies worldwide, including alleged protests over Chinese-funded infrastructure projects in Serbia; impacts on Chinese projects due to fighting between the Myanmar junta and Arakan Army; alleged safety violations linked to China Communications Construction Company in Uganda, leading to the firm being suspended; and a case of a Chinese firm, China State Construction Engineering Corporation, failing to comply to labour law by hiring undocumented workers in Malaysia (the company was fined USD23,600 for the violation).
In January 2026, the Business & Human Rights Centre invited PowerChina and Hangzhou Jinjiang Group to respond to the allegations. The companies did not respond.