No, but what happens when they stop buying our debt? or call in the loans?
China has already stopped buying our debt.
Is China Signaling That It's Almost Done With the U.S. Dollar? | Uncommon Wisdom Daily
Yi Gang, a PBOC deputy governor, said in a speech this week that the bank would stop increasing its foreign-currency reserves, which are currently almost 3.7 trillion U.S. dollars.
The PBOC apparently thinks $3.7 trillion is enough. To stop accumulating more, they will have to let their own yuan currencys value float in a wider range.
Is this a problem for the U.S.? Not yet, but it could become one.
Part of those excess dollar reserves represent cash loaned to the U.S. Treasury. The Chinese help finance our governments deficit spending. For now, they seem happy to hold their T-bonds to maturity.
They have already stopped buying US debt.
They can't "call the loans". You are confusing a loan from a bank, with a bond sold. You go to a bank, and ask for money. They open a line of credit. Then at a later date, the bank can close the line of credit by "calling the loan", and you have to pay back, or there's a problem.
That's not how governments bonds work. It's not like the US government, went to the bank of China, and asked for a line of credit.
With a bond, the government offers the bond, with fixed interest rate, and a fixed maturity date. The terms of the bond, are set by the bond seller. Not the buyer of the bond.
Thus China has no rights to "call the loan". You can't call the loan on any bond. If you buy GM, or Chrysler bonds, you can't 'call the loan' on them either. Think of it more like buying a CD at a bank. You can't 'call the loan' to the bank, and get your money back. You have to wait until the CD matures. China has to wait until the T-bonds mature.
Now here's the key...
What exactly *can* China do? The answer is... not much.
When Greece restructured it's debt, it included a nearly 80% write off, of the debts it owed. What could the bond holders do? Nothing. What option did they have? Take the Greek government to court, and sue them? The result would have been the bailout would have not happened, and the bond holders would have ended up with zero.
Which is better? Getting some of the money back, or zero?
This is the same thing with China and the US. If the US defaults, what do you think China is going to do? Send a ship over, load up the Statue of Liberty, and sale it back to China? You think they are going to show up with massive helicopters, load up the Capital Building, and fly it back to China?
China can't do diddly jack if we default.
Now they can help cause us to default. But that would harm them as well. They could have a massive fire sale of US T-bills. But as they start flooding the market with T-Bills, very very quickly the value of T-Bills is going to drop like a rock. Supply goes way up, demand stays the same, or even drops... what happens to price? It drops.
Very quickly the value of the T-bills on the market will drop far below what China paid for them. They'll end up losing billions on billions, selling off T-bills they paid for more for. That would harm us, yes, but it would also harm them.
Just not likely to happen. Sorry.
But beyond that, there is very little China can do.