tommywho70x
Rookie
- Apr 15, 2010
- 826
- 60
- 0
- Banned
- #41
just guesssing, entergy acquired rather than built those plants and the statement reads like misinformation from a shareholders press release. in cost/KwH nuclear is still one of the most expensive under ideal conditions. three mile island and chernobyl show how expensive nuclear can get when something less than ideal happens.
Comparisons
Special thanks to Cold Energy ::: The Future of Power for permission to use material from their painstaking compilation.
.
Traditional Power Generation
Lowest price listed first
Method Cents/kW-h Limitations and Externalities
Gas
Currently supplies around 15% of the global electricity demand. 3.9 - 4.4 Cents/kW-h Gas-fired plants and generally quicker and less expensive to build than coal or nuclear, but a relatively high percentage of the cost/KWh is derived from the cost of the fuel. Due to the current (and projected future) upwards trend in gas prices, there is uncertainty around the cost / KWh over the lifetime of plants. Gas burns more cleanly than coal, but the gas itself (largely methane) is a potent greenhouse gas. Some energy conversions to calculate your cost of natural gas per kwh. 100 cubic feet (CCF)~ 1 Therm = 100,000 btu ~ 29.3 kwh.
Coal
Currently supplies around 38% of the global electricity demand. 4.8 - 5.5 Cents/kW-h Increasingly difficult to build new coal plants in the developed world, due to environmental requirements governing the plants. Growing concern about coal fired plants in the developing world (China, for instance, imposes less environmental overhead, and has large supplies of high sulphur content coal). The supply of coal is plentiful, but the coal generation method is perceived to make a larger contribution to air pollution than the rest of the methods combined.
Nuclear
Currently supplies around 24% of the global electricity demand. 11.1 - 14.5 Cents/kW-h Political difficulties in using nuclear in some nations. Risk of widespread (and potentially lethal) contamination upon containment failure. Fuel is plentiful, but problematic. Waste disposal remains a significant problem, and de-commissioning is costly (averaging approximately US $320MM per plant in the US).
.
Conventional, Renewable Power Generation
Lowest price listed first
Method Cents/kW-h Limitations and Externalities
Wind
Currently supplies approximately 1.4% of the global electricity demand. Wind is considered to be about 30% reliable. 4.0 - 6.0 Cents/kW-h Wind is currently the only cost-effective alternative energy method, but has a number of problems. Wind farms are highly subject to lightning strikes, have high mechanical fatigue failure, are limited in size by hub stress, do not function well, if at all, under conditions of heavy rain, icing conditions or very cold climates, and are noisy and cannot be insulated for sound reduction due to their size and subsequent loss of wind velocity and power.
Geothermal
Currently supplies approximately 0.23% of the global electricity demand. Geothermal is considered 90-95% reliable. 4.5 - 30 Cents/kW-h New low temperature conversion of heat to electricity is likely to make geothermal substantially more plausible (more shallow drilling possible) and less expensive. Generally, the bigger the plant, the less the cost and cost also depends upon the depth to be drilled and the temperature at the depth. The higher the temperature, the lower the cost per kwh. Cost may also be affect by where the drilling is to take place as concerns distance from the grid and another factor may be the permeability of the rock.
Hydro
Currently supplies around 19.9% of the global electricity demand. Hydro is considered to be 60% reliable. 5.1 - 11.3 Cents/kW-h Hydro is currently the only source of renewable energy making substantive contributions to global energy demand. Hydro plants, however, can (obviously) only be built in a limited number of places, and can significantly damage aquatic ecosystems.
Solar
Currently supplies approximately 0.8% of the global electricity demand. 15 - 30 Cents/kW-h Solar power has been expensive, but soon is expected to drop to as low as 3.5 cents/kW-h. Once the silicon shortage is remedied through artificial silicon, a solar energy revolution is expected.
.
Non-Conventional, Available, Renewable Power Generation Technologies
Lowest price listed first
Method Cents/kW-h Limitations and Externalities
Tide
2 - 5 Cents/kW-h Blue Energy's tidal fence, engineered and ready for implementation, would provide a land bridge (road) while also generating electricity. Environmental impact is low. Tides are highly predictable.
.
Non-Conventional, Emerging, Renewable Power Generation Technologies
Lowest price listed first
Method Cents/kW-h Limitations and Externalities
Atmospheric Cold Megawatts
.03 - 1.0 Cents/kW-h Typical installation requires 1 - 2 pipelines approximately 300km in length. Endpoints are placed to maximize historical atmospheric pressure differentials. After construction is complete, however, maintenance is minimal, no raw materials are required, and no environmental externalities are produced.
Thermal Electric
3 - 15 Cents/kW-h ENECO Chip is a "solid state energy conversion/generation chip" that will convert heat directly into electricity. Is more efficient than solar and substantially cheaper. Can be applied to waste heat as well.
OTEC (Ocean Energy Thermal Conversion)
6 - 25 Cents/kW-h Presently not functioning but two plants are to be built. One (agout 1.3 megawatts) is to be started in Kona next year and the other much larger one (about 13 megawatts) is also to be built somewhere in the state later on for the military. I believe that the military spending guide lines state that there must be a reduction in expenditures for electricity over the next few years. A Breakdown of the technology by OCEES Internation, INC.
.
Comparisons
Special thanks to Cold Energy ::: The Future of Power for permission to use material from their painstaking compilation.
.
Traditional Power Generation
Lowest price listed first
Method Cents/kW-h Limitations and Externalities
Gas
Currently supplies around 15% of the global electricity demand. 3.9 - 4.4 Cents/kW-h Gas-fired plants and generally quicker and less expensive to build than coal or nuclear, but a relatively high percentage of the cost/KWh is derived from the cost of the fuel. Due to the current (and projected future) upwards trend in gas prices, there is uncertainty around the cost / KWh over the lifetime of plants. Gas burns more cleanly than coal, but the gas itself (largely methane) is a potent greenhouse gas. Some energy conversions to calculate your cost of natural gas per kwh. 100 cubic feet (CCF)~ 1 Therm = 100,000 btu ~ 29.3 kwh.
Coal
Currently supplies around 38% of the global electricity demand. 4.8 - 5.5 Cents/kW-h Increasingly difficult to build new coal plants in the developed world, due to environmental requirements governing the plants. Growing concern about coal fired plants in the developing world (China, for instance, imposes less environmental overhead, and has large supplies of high sulphur content coal). The supply of coal is plentiful, but the coal generation method is perceived to make a larger contribution to air pollution than the rest of the methods combined.
Nuclear
Currently supplies around 24% of the global electricity demand. 11.1 - 14.5 Cents/kW-h Political difficulties in using nuclear in some nations. Risk of widespread (and potentially lethal) contamination upon containment failure. Fuel is plentiful, but problematic. Waste disposal remains a significant problem, and de-commissioning is costly (averaging approximately US $320MM per plant in the US).
.
Conventional, Renewable Power Generation
Lowest price listed first
Method Cents/kW-h Limitations and Externalities
Wind
Currently supplies approximately 1.4% of the global electricity demand. Wind is considered to be about 30% reliable. 4.0 - 6.0 Cents/kW-h Wind is currently the only cost-effective alternative energy method, but has a number of problems. Wind farms are highly subject to lightning strikes, have high mechanical fatigue failure, are limited in size by hub stress, do not function well, if at all, under conditions of heavy rain, icing conditions or very cold climates, and are noisy and cannot be insulated for sound reduction due to their size and subsequent loss of wind velocity and power.
Geothermal
Currently supplies approximately 0.23% of the global electricity demand. Geothermal is considered 90-95% reliable. 4.5 - 30 Cents/kW-h New low temperature conversion of heat to electricity is likely to make geothermal substantially more plausible (more shallow drilling possible) and less expensive. Generally, the bigger the plant, the less the cost and cost also depends upon the depth to be drilled and the temperature at the depth. The higher the temperature, the lower the cost per kwh. Cost may also be affect by where the drilling is to take place as concerns distance from the grid and another factor may be the permeability of the rock.
Hydro
Currently supplies around 19.9% of the global electricity demand. Hydro is considered to be 60% reliable. 5.1 - 11.3 Cents/kW-h Hydro is currently the only source of renewable energy making substantive contributions to global energy demand. Hydro plants, however, can (obviously) only be built in a limited number of places, and can significantly damage aquatic ecosystems.
Solar
Currently supplies approximately 0.8% of the global electricity demand. 15 - 30 Cents/kW-h Solar power has been expensive, but soon is expected to drop to as low as 3.5 cents/kW-h. Once the silicon shortage is remedied through artificial silicon, a solar energy revolution is expected.
.
Non-Conventional, Available, Renewable Power Generation Technologies
Lowest price listed first
Method Cents/kW-h Limitations and Externalities
Tide
2 - 5 Cents/kW-h Blue Energy's tidal fence, engineered and ready for implementation, would provide a land bridge (road) while also generating electricity. Environmental impact is low. Tides are highly predictable.
.
Non-Conventional, Emerging, Renewable Power Generation Technologies
Lowest price listed first
Method Cents/kW-h Limitations and Externalities
Atmospheric Cold Megawatts
.03 - 1.0 Cents/kW-h Typical installation requires 1 - 2 pipelines approximately 300km in length. Endpoints are placed to maximize historical atmospheric pressure differentials. After construction is complete, however, maintenance is minimal, no raw materials are required, and no environmental externalities are produced.
Thermal Electric
3 - 15 Cents/kW-h ENECO Chip is a "solid state energy conversion/generation chip" that will convert heat directly into electricity. Is more efficient than solar and substantially cheaper. Can be applied to waste heat as well.
OTEC (Ocean Energy Thermal Conversion)
6 - 25 Cents/kW-h Presently not functioning but two plants are to be built. One (agout 1.3 megawatts) is to be started in Kona next year and the other much larger one (about 13 megawatts) is also to be built somewhere in the state later on for the military. I believe that the military spending guide lines state that there must be a reduction in expenditures for electricity over the next few years. A Breakdown of the technology by OCEES Internation, INC.
.