http://kiwi.atmos.colostate.edu/group/dave/at605pdf/Chapter_2.pdf
The temperature of the Earth’s surface varies strongly and rapidly over land, and
considerably less over the oceans. The reason for this difference between land and sea will be
discussed below, in the subsection on the surface heat capacity.
The oceans cover about two thirds of the Earth’s surface. Their average depth is about 4
km. Water is heavy stuff; the mass of 1 m3 of water is 103 kg. The mass of the oceans is about 1.3
x 1021 kg. For comparison, the mass of the atmosphere is about 250 times less, roughly 5 x 1018
kg.
Not only is water dense, it has a very high specific heat: about 4200 J kg-1 K-1 . In contrast,
the specific heat of air (at constant pressure) is a little less than a quarter of that, i.e., 1000
J kg-1 K-1 . The total heat capacity of the oceans is thus about 1000 times larger (250 x 4) than the
total heat capacity of the atmosphere. When the oceans say “Jump,” the atmosphere says “How
high?”
An interesting discussion, a long arcticle, on heat in the atmosphere and oceans, its transport and radiative balance. However, as it pertains to ice thinning of continental ice caps and Arctic Sea ice, the above paragraphs, and the graph below, tell the primary story.
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Figure 2: OHCA curves produced using the same mapping technique.
Solid lines are OHCA curves with a single 1993–2002 climatology and variously corrected XBT data provided by individual research teams. Dashed and dotted lines show the same thing as the solid lines, but using a single 2005–2008 climato
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http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v465/n7296/full/nature09043.html