DavidS
Anti-Tea Party Member
The NAO which is the North Atlantic Oscillation.
For the past 20 years, the NAO has remained largely positive.
The North Atlantic Oscillation: Past, present, and future — PNAS
For the past 20 years, the NAO has remained largely positive.
A remarkable feature of the NAO is its trend toward a more positive phase over the past 30 years, with a magnitude that seems to be unprecedented in the observational record (2). Some of the most pronounced anomalies have occurred since the winter of 1989, when record positive values of the NAO index have been documented (Fig. 1 Lower). Moreover, the trend in the NAO accounts for a myriad of remarkable changes in the climate over the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, as well as in marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Among these changes are:
Milder winters in Europe downstream and across Asia, juxtaposed against more severe winters over eastern Canada and the northwest Atlantic (2);
Pronounced regional changes in precipitation patterns, resulting in the advance of some northern European glaciers and the retreat of Alpine glaciers (3, 4);
Changes in sea-ice cover in both the Labrador and Greenland Seas as well as over the Arctic (5);
Pronounced decreases in mean sea level pressure (SLP) over the Arctic and changes in the physical properties of Arctic sea water (6, 7);
Changes in the intensity of convection in the Labrador and the Greenland–Iceland Seas, which in turn influence the strength and character of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (8);
Stratospheric cooling over the polar cap and total column ozone losses poleward of 40°N (9);
Changes in the production of zooplankton and the distribution of fish (e.g., ref. 10), and changes in the length of the growing season over Europe (11).
The North Atlantic Oscillation: Past, present, and future — PNAS
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