View attachment 1189998
Global Security.org
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3 days ago — The U.S. Air Force Pamphlet on the Law of Armed Conflict states that "the law of armed conflicts clearly forbids the killing or wounding of an enemy who is hors de combat" and lists "deliberate refusal of quarter" and "deliberate attack on shipwrecked survivors" as acts involving individual criminal responsibility.
Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions provides additional clarity, stating that "a person who is recognized or who, in the circumstances, should be recognized to be hors de combat shall not be made the object of attack."
The Protocol further designates "making a person the object of attack in the knowledge that he is hors de combat" as a grave breach, placing it among the most serious violations of international humanitarian law. United States military doctrine fully incorporates these principles, with the U.S. Naval Handbook explicitly listing "denial of quarter" and "offenses against the survivors of ships and aircraft lost at sea, including killing, wounding, or mistreating the shipwrecked" as representative war crimes.
U.S. military doctrine explicitly recognizes the legal protection of survivors at sea and their binding nature on American forces. The U.S. Air Force Pamphlet on the Law of Armed Conflict states that "the law of armed conflicts clearly forbids the killing or wounding of an enemy who is hors de combat" and lists "deliberate refusal of quarter" and "deliberate attack on shipwrecked survivors" as acts involving individual criminal responsibility.
The U.S. Naval Handbook provides similar guidance, emphasizing that combatants "cease to be subject to attack when they have individually laid down their arms and indicate clearly their wish to surrender." The Commander's Handbook acknowledges that surrender must be communicated at a time when it can be received and properly acted upon, but explicitly states that once combatants are disabled by wounds or circumstances, they are protected from attack.