Yes, it’s both. In Putin’s mind, and damn near every Russian’s mind, including Putin’s opposition such as it is, thirty years of expansion by NATO toward Russia’s border, and the promise that Ukraine would be a member of NATO, is a provocative, threatening move by the West. And yes, losing his power and, possibly his life, are certainly concerns of Putin’s when he’s witnessed American-led regime change around the world. You’re not disproving any of my points. This is exactly his fear, and why he would lash out as he has against Ukraine as a result of policies that are backing him into a corner.