Below is every occurrence of "TROPO" in AR4, Chapter 9, Section 7: Combining Evidence for Anthropogenic Climate Change
The widespread change detected in temperature observations of the surface (Sections
9.4.1,
9.4.2,
9.4.3), free atmosphere (
Section 9.4.4) and ocean (
Section 9.5.1), together with consistent evidence of change in other parts of the climate system (
Section 9.5),
strengthens the conclusion that greenhouse gas forcing is the dominant cause of warming during the past several decades. This combined evidence, which is summarised in
Table 9.4, is substantially stronger than the evidence that is available from observed changes in global surface temperature alone (
Figure 3.6). EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF AGW
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Thus, the evidence appears to be inconsistent with the ocean or land being the source of the warming at the surface. In addition,
simulations forced with observed SST changes cannot fully explain the warming in the troposphere without increases in greenhouse gases (e.g., Sexton et al., 2001), further strengthening the evidence that the warming does not originate from the ocean. Further evidence for forced changes arises from widespread melting of the cryosphere (
Section 9.5.5), increases in water vapour in the atmosphere (
Section 9.5.4.1) and changes in top-of-the atmosphere radiation that are consistent with changes in forcing. MODELS INITIALIZED WITH EMPIRICAL DATA ("observed SST changes")
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There has been
robust detection of anthropogenic influence on increasing tropopause height.EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF AGW
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There has been
robust detection and attribution of anthropogenic influence on tropospheric warming, which does not depend on including stratospheric cooling in the fingerprint pattern of response. [duplicate of your quote] EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF AGW
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Simultaneous warming of the troposphere and cooling of the stratosphere due to natural factors is less likely than warming of the troposphere or cooling of the stratosphere alone. EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF AGW
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