For me the origins of rights are in human society which depends (among other things) cooperation. I do hold that rights they are created by humans. In human history there have been those with rights and those without. There are no innate rights. Even what we call “human rights” today were defined and agreed upon in 1948. Not that it matters, plenty of people are denied those rights. But my central point is that there are no innate rights, rights are socially created.
The violation of rights needs a social context. If A is living alone in the wilderness and is attacked and killed by a tiger has A's rights been violated? No, A has been killed by a wild animal. Unfortunate but it happens.
Those who have been deprived rights have invariably become aware that their rights were being violated and revolted against the violator. Did they need some outside body to tell them that their rights were being violated. Not in general, no. There may have been someone who realized it first and convinced others, but the fact is people can recognize their rights being violated and furthermore people can recognize the rights of others being violated.
Rights exist as a prerequisite for society. Without rights and the protection of them, any society that follows is a lie at least for some. Rights emerged from the danger that humans cause one another in Hobbes's state of nature (basically everyone is a wild animal). In order to escape that humans were forced to evolve culturally. There were traps in that evolution where the rights of certain groups got ignored or other groups were placed above the masses. More recently, we've seen what I believe is another such evolutionary 'progress trap' where the masses are given more rights then they are actually entitled to. I believe that human beings had a concept of rights as long as we have been cooperating. That concept has been evolving, and I happen to believe that this evolution is not arbitrary. It seems to me to be determined by human desire. By that I don't mean the desire of particular human beings (as you seem to imply), but the common desire of
every human being. If our rights were invented and defined by our leaders and we'd all still be living under monarchy, having only the rights bestowed on us by the king. Some people still live under that system, but you'll notice that it requires a greater amount of force to govern that way. That's because it contradicts human nature.
About the tiger: I believe that, in the wild, animals have the right to do whatever they do and if a person goes into the wild without knowing anything about what's living there, then they are rolling the dice. However, if a tiger tries to kill someone, you'd hope that the victim died defending their right to live. As for the tiger violating their right, the tiger was either killing for food or defending it's territory (probably the former). Those are things that I believe tigers have the right to do. I mean, we kill livestock on a massive scale and I don't think that violates their rights. That is, the killing doesn't violate their rights, the horrible conditions under which they are raised notwithstanding. Now, if a tiger wanders into a city and starts mauling people, then people will get together and prevent it from doing that. And they will have every right to do so.