While I think the OP has an interesting concept in mind, I think the specifics of the program need to be put together slightly differently.....
I'm in favor of the single ID, a Federal ID, to be issued at the State level. This ID would serve as a Photo ID, Driver's License, Voter Registration Card and a de facto Firearms Card, in this manner.....
Being a positive photo ID would require that the ID be issued at age 16 for a cost of $25 (ID only) or $50 as a driver's license. This ID would be valid until the holder's 18th birthday. Individuals would have to prove US Citizenship and current residency to be issued a card. Individuals who originally got an ID only, would only have to pay the $25 difference if they were to get a driver's license prior to their 18th birthday. The ID would be issued at the same size as the current drivers licenses/state ID cards, with a special background and format that indicates the holder is younger than 18 years old.
Within 60 days prior to the holder's 18th birthday the ID would be renewable, for a standard four year ID/License. The new ID card/Driver's License would not be valid until the holder's 18th birthday. Issuance of the new card would require proof of residence, and a NICS check. Assuming all three items were presented and passed, the individual would be registered to vote in the proper district and the ID would be issued, with Endorsements. for Voting and Class I (ammunition and long guns only) Firearms possession. Individuals who failed to provide residency info or who failed either the NICS check would not have those endorsements added to their card.
At age twenty-one the card could be surrendered, and with the passage of a NICS check re-issued with a Class II (all firearms, ammunition, and concealed carry) Firearms endorsement for a cost of $25. The renewal date on the card would not change.
After that point, cards would be renewed every four years, with a new residency and NICS check. Any time an individual changed place of residence, they would be required to get a new card ($25) but the renewal date would not change. If any information were to be entered into the NICS database that made the individual's endorsements invalid, they would be sent a letter requiring them to have a new card issued ($25). Failure to do so within 30 days would be considered a Felony.
I'm sure many of you notice that this system relies on the NICS database extensively. That's true. However, I see the NICS database as something it never has been, but should be - a one-stop, all inclusive Federal Database for recording data on individuals. The NICS system should be updated to include all info that would be applicable from a CORI check and pretty much every other Criminal History record in the country.
Additionally, every licensed mental health professional in the country should be required to IMMEDIATELY provide data on individuals whom they believe are a danger to themselves or others to the system. Those individuals would receive a letter notifying them of a temporary suspension of their Firearms Endorsement and a hearing date where they may dispute this suspension before a three arbirot panel if they feel it is unwarranted. .