It is my contention that morality is an undeveloped scientific discipline.
It is absolutely possible to construct a moral framework using reason and the scientific method alone. There is no need to surrender the study of morality to religions especially when the divine morals of the many gods are questionable at best.
If we define a moral framework as a system of laws that maximize the well being of conscious beings on this planet we can choose the best ways to do that.
Medicine, psychology, neuroscience, sociology and other disciplines can be used to explore and question the subject of morality and I will state that we have been doing this ever since humans have been alive on this earth.
The reason the subject of morality was surrendered to religion is simple. In the past religious institutions were the power base of society. They controlled education, science, and politics and pity the person who would ever question their authority.
This is why we have religions that condoned slavery and accepted that an all knowing god could not envision a human society without slavery. It's how we get a religion that forces women to live their lives in cloth bags and denies them an education. The horrors inflicted on people because of religious morals cannot be denied.
Devout Jews no longer stone to death Jews who do not observe the Sabbath even though it states in the bible that the penalty for such a sin is death.
We have learned that hitting a child with a stick is not the best way to modify that child's behavior.
We know that slavery is the absolute worst crime against humanity.
We did not come to these realizations by submitting to the morality of religions.
If other scientific disciplines can transcend religion and cultures why can't the discipline of morality?
Cancer is cancer no matter what religion the person afflicted adheres to. Cholera is cholera and is nondenominational. Algebra is algebra regardless of the god a person kneels to.
So yes we can decide the best ways to maximize the well being of all conscious beings on this planet the same way we came to decide a treatment for a medical condition is effective.
Many have employed science and reason and proved to their own satisfaction that certain “inferior” or “backward” humans should be eliminated: sterilized or killed.
Please read up on Karl Pearson and Francis Galton and Margaret Sanger and H.G. Wells not to mention the Nazis and the Communists.
“Maximizing the well being of all conscious beings“ how can that be proven by science? Isn’t science a description of reality rather than a declaration of morality?
In every system of morality, which I have hitherto met with, I have always remarked, that the author proceeds for some time in the ordinary way of reasoning, and establishes the being of a God, or makes observations concerning human affairs; when of a sudden I am surprised to find, that instead of the usual copulations of propositions,
is, and
is not, I meet with no proposition that is not connected with an
ought, or an
ought not. This change is imperceptible; but is, however, of the last consequence. For as this
ought, or
ought not, expresses some new relation or affirmation, it's necessary that it should be observed and explained; and at the same time that a reason should be given, for what seems altogether inconceivable, how this new relation can be a deduction from others, which are entirely different from it. But as authors do not commonly use this precaution, I shall presume to recommend it to the readers; and am persuaded, that this small attention would subvert all the vulgar systems of morality, and let us see, that the distinction of vice and virtue is not founded merely on the relations of objects, nor is perceived by reason. - David Hume
And please tell me precisely which animals are “conscious beings”. And when exactly does a child in her mother’s womb become conscious?
And what exactly is “well being”? Is it the absence of suffering? Is it achievement? Is it hedonism?
Also consider:
7 Christian men or movements who helped end slavery in America