The power to spend money does not convey the power to create tjhe legislation necessary to appropriate that money. If your argument were sound, there'd be only two clauses in the entire article - the first and the last.
If creating the legislation is necessary to spend money, then yes, the power to spend money DOES convey the power to create the legislation. However, let's be clear. The first clause of I.8 does not convey any other power than to tax and spend. It does not allow Congress to prescribe any criminal penalties for any crimes, other than punishment for tax evasion. It does not allow Congress to regulate any behavior on the part of business, individuals, or anything else, except as necessary to lay and collect taxes.
I pointed this out to someone on another thread, who wanted to say that the "general welfare" clause empowered Congress to create the EPA. It did not, because the EPA makes regulations regarding pollution emissions and prescribes penalties for violating those regulations, and this cannot be encompassed by taxing and spending. So there's a concrete example for you. I.8(1) is NOT a universal-government provision. But it IS a universal tax-and-spend provision.
Many people fail to understand this, in one direction or another.
The other very broad enumerated power is of course the regulation of commerce clause (which is the real authority behind the EPA). Just about everything that conservatives object to in government activity over the past few decades, and just about everything they're inclined to howl "unconstitutional" about, is authorized by either that or the tax and spend clause. But the language is there. If you don't like it, complain to the Founding Fathers.
The fact that Congress could not raise an army or a navy unless specificslly given the power to do so negates your argument, in toto.
No, it doesn't, because raising an army implies more than just taxing and spending. Congress must also be authorized to make laws pertinent to the creation of the army, such as authorizing codes of military justice, conscription, specifying arms and uniforms, and so on, which go beyond merely raising money and spending it. All of those non-monetary functions to creating a military force are authorized by those appropriate enumerated powers.