Britain withdrew from Asia only after the myth of British invincibility was completely shattered after the fall of Singapore and the British could no longer believe that British rule could be sustained in Asia in the post-war era. Subject peoples under British rule were under the illusion that white troops would never be defeated and they did not even think about rising up against British rule. As a result, the British rarely committed atrocities to maintain the empire, such as the Mau Mau massacre in the 1950s. Moreover, local ruling elites were in cahoots with the British, working as colonial administrators on their behalf. Overall, it was a benign and liberal empire.