The
Kingdom of Judah (
Hebrew: מַמְלֶכֶת יְהוּדָה,
Mamlekhet Yehudāh) was an
Iron Age kingdom of the
Southern Levant. The
Hebrew Bible depicts it as the successor to a
United Monarchy, but historians are divided about the veracity of this account. In the 10th and early 9th centuries BCE the territory of Judah appears to have been sparsely populated, limited to small rural settlements, most of them unfortified.
[9] Jerusalem, the kingdom's capital, likely did not emerge as a significant administrative centre until the end of the 8th century; prior to this archaeological evidence suggests its population was too small to sustain a viable kingdom.
[10] In the 7th century its population increased greatly, prospering under Assyrian vassalage (despite
Hezekiah's revolt against the Assyrian king
Sennacherib[11]), but
in 605 the Assyrian Empire was defeated, and the ensuing competition between the
Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt and the
Neo-Babylonian Empire for control of the
Eastern Mediterranean led to the destruction of the kingdom in a series of campaigns between 597 and 582, the
deportation of the elite of the community, and the incorporation of Judah into a
province of the Neo-Babylonian Empire.