really? I did not know-----the historic scholars and interpreters of the koran since 1200
have been MONGOLS ? ------and then (yuck) TURKS ? They adopted arabic since it
was so widely used------and---well by then it did have an alphabet----and even a script lifted
from Farsi. I have know self described MUGHALS but they were from India and were
so ignorant of arabic that they seemed to imagine I KNEW IT (because I could recite the
hebrew alphabet). Aren't the mongols the people who eat fermented horse milk? and
raw meat? and live in YURTS?
The Moghuls were a couple hundred years after the Mongol invasion by Genghis Khan.
They are related to Mongols, but also had resided in Uzbekistan.
Their most well known leader was Tamerlane.
{...
Timur's Conquests Begin
Timur's bravery and tactical skill made him a successful mercenary soldier in Persia, and he soon collected a large following. In 1364, Timur and Hussein banded together again and defeated Ilyas Khoja, the son of Tughluk Timur. By 1366, the two warlords controlled Transoxiana.
Timur's first wife died in 1370, freeing him to attack his erstwhile ally Hussein. Hussein was besieged and killed at Balkh, and Timur declared himself the sovereign of the whole region. Timur was not directly descended from Genghis Khan on his father's side, so he ruled as an
amir (from the Arabic word for "prince"), rather than as
khan. Over the next decade, Timur seized the rest of Central Asia as well.
Timur's Empire Expands
With Central Asia in hand, Timur invaded Russia in 1380. He helped the Mongol Khan Toktamysh retake control and also defeated the Lithuanians in battle. Timur captured Herat (now in
Afghanistan) in 1383, the opening salvo against Persia. By 1385, all of Persia was his.
With invasions in 1391 and 1395, Timur fought against his former protege in Russia, Toktamysh. The Timurid army captured Moscow in 1395. While Timur was busy in the north, Persia revolted. He responded by leveling entire cities and using the citizens' skulls to build grisly towers and pyramids.
By 1396, Timur had also conquered Iraq, Azerbaijan, Armenia,
Mesopotamia, and Georgia.
Conquest of India, Syria, and Turkey
Timur's army of 90,000 crossed the Indus River in September 1398 and set upon India. The country had fallen to pieces after the death of Sultan Firuz Shah Tughluq (r. 1351–1388) of the
Delhi Sultanate, and by this time Bengal,
Kashmir, and the Deccan each had separate rulers.
The Turkic/Mongol invaders left carnage along their path; Delhi's army was destroyed in December and the city was ruined. Timur seized tons of treasure and 90 war elephants and took them back to Samarkand.
Timur looked west in 1399, retaking Azerbaijan and conquering
Syria. Baghdad was destroyed in 1401 and 20,000 of its people were slaughtered. In July 1402, Timur captured early
Ottoman Turkey and received the submission of Egypt.
...}
Fermented milk is yogurt, and raw meat is jerky.
Everyone eats those foods when traveling.
The Mongols ruled Russia and parts of Europe to the Danube.