Tariffs CAN be a fair and effective trade policy if they are USED carefully, the best use is to adjust for artificial comparative advantage like for example imbalanced labor costs. If you have a nation where labor is dirt cheap (because of a low standard of living) competing with domestic producers in a nation where the standard of living mandates higher labor costs it is incumbent on the national government to adjust for that unfair advantage and protect it's domestic labor force.
However if they are deployed to protect domestic producers that are inefficient and wasteful of resources, they are a sure fire way to damage your domestic economy.
Examples; in the 1980's Japanese Automakers were kicking U.S. Automakers asses because they were producing higher quality, better designed and engineered and more fuel efficient cars and the big three were producing garbage, this is NOT a situation where tariffs are called for, the big three had to get their act together to compete or die.
Today many Chinese producers are succeeding against U.S. domestic producers because Chinese labor costs are intentionally kept low which is a situation where tariffs makes sense.