Though the 14th Amendment was passed after the Civil War and meant to guarantee equal civil rights for newly emancipated “Freedmen” against attacks by Southern States (where most ex-slaves lived), the defeat of Reconstruction meant most black Americans, especially in the Deep South, were soon again denied their basic rights. “Jim Crow” apartheid, enforced by “laws” and white racist terror sunk deep roots in the South, and both legal and de facto racial discrimination became the terrible norm nationwide. African-Americans became an oppressed race-color “caste” in the USA.
In actual practice, ironically, during most of the next century the 14th Amendment was used in the courts mainly to extend and protect the rights of corporations from infringement by the states (or Federal government). Of course it was also used — gradually — to extend “due process” to ordinary white citizens and businesses whose rights were not being fully and equally recognized.
Today, we treat corporations as having full “personhood” rights — and since corporations are for all intents and purposes capable of living forever and have other rights not applicable to individuals, our 14th Amendment has proven quite essential, including after the modern civil rights movement, to shaping our strange, economically unequal and unfair, but still “free” society.
I agree that the clear wording of the Constitution protects birthright citizenship rights. Indeed, even foreigners, even illegals, are “persons,” and they too have certain rights under our Constitution and laws, at least as they are and have been upheld by our courts to this day.
Frankly, at this time of immense national disunity, we ought to move very carefully before we even consider changes to our Constitution.