Easy-------Babylon, Spain and Even KABUL AFGHANISTAN. "algebra" was not developed in MECCA------in fact NOTHING was developed in Mecca or Medina. Math is from INDIA (before the moghul slobs got there). Math remained a FORTE of INDIA -----in fact, still is, Astronomy is pre Islamic
Persia----------for fun find a real Persian and say the word "arab"
So you are a stupid idiot? What is astronomy without math? And our numbers ain´t from that region? And how do you think came the word alchemy into being?
both alchemy and alcohol are Arabic words-----muslims do not distil fermemted
liquors ---------obviously the only people who are permitted to do so under the stench of shariah law------came up with alcohol------DA JOOOOOOOS (Christians too------Christian monasteries also made the stuff) ------the CHEMISTS in countries
which adhere to the stench of shariah law------are also DA JOOOOOOOS------
ALCHEMY is and was considered a JEWISH ART in shariah shit holes and even
in Europe. I got lots of relatives who are fluent in Arabic (not me) The traveling MERCHANTS that lived in Baghdad-----before the slop of arabia got there------brought the concept of ZERO as a number------from India. Astronomy
without calculus---------is STARGAZING------somehow the Persians were the
most sophisticated in STARGAZING in the ancient world ------muslims added nothing. -----as to Medicine-------that which muslims call muslim medicine
is mostly the work of GALEN (also not muslim). Muslims added virtually n
nothing. Even "muslim" architecture is not "muslim"