More Strong Evidence for Evolution: Anatomical Vestiges

Here, here's an explanation as to why the fossil record doesn't really record anything other than arbitrary random samples (this is the main reason that the pseudoscientific "punctuated equilibrium" hypothesis was originally cobbled together).

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Discontinuities in the Fossil Record | Evolution News

The fossil record generally documents a discontinuous history of life with sudden appearances of new body plans and new forms of life in saltational events.
news.org

1a. You Still didn't answer my post/citation. (tho I finally forced some Non-repLie after reposting it.)
1b. Nor the OP and anatomical vestiges, Including Ours like the Coccyx/tail bone and Wisdom teeth from when We were Apes.
2. "EvolutionNews" is the 'Discovery Institute,' a Kweationist/ID website.
(Like AnswersInGenepiss and Creation.com.)
3. You're a Joke and now a self-declared Lying-for-Jesus FRAUD. No different than Jehovah's WitLess PoliticSheik.
`
 
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Sherlock Holmes 2

As To why Evolution isn't Gradual:
1. The Earth's conditions are often 'Sudden,' also not gradual. Though 'sudden' in geologic terms can still be millions of years.
2. Once some genetic hurdle has been crossed due to changing conditions or a single important mutation (such as O2 in the Atmo, Warm-ups, Meteor Strike, etc). It's more (or less) friendly to life/types of life.
3. It's called Punctuated Equilibrium a tweak by Two strong Evo advocates [famous] Stephen J Gould and Niles Etheridge.

`
 
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Sherlock Holmes 2

As To why Evolution isn't Gradual:
1. The Earth's conditions are often 'Sudden,' also not gradual. Though 'sudden' in geologic terms can still be millions of years.
2. Once some genetic hurdle has been crossed due to changing conditions or a single important mutation (such as O2 in the Atmo, Warm-ups, Meteor Strike, etc). It's more (or less) friendly to life/types of life.
3. It's called Punctuated Equilibrium a tweak by Two strong Evo advocates [famous] Stephen J Gould and Niles Etheridge.

`

I already showed you the science.

There is no "punctuated equilibrium".

What there is, is dynamics and catastrophes.

Catastrophes are more likely to occur from indels rather than simple substitutions. Chromosome duplication also plays a role.

You should study the human immune system. DNA is deliberately damaged to generate immunodiversity.

That's why two people with identical DNA can have radically different immune responses. Google COVID and identical twins.
 
I already showed you the science.

There is No "punctuated equilibrium".
....
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Punctuated equilibrium – TikZ.net

Punctuated equilibrium is a theory in evolutionary biology that describes how species evolve through long periods of stability and short periods of rapid change. The theory was originally developed by paleontologists to explain patterns in the fossil record.

Here are some key ideas of punctuated equilibrium:

  • Stasis
    After a species appears in the fossil record, it will remain stable for most of its geological history, showing little or no evolutionary change. This state is called stasis.
  • Punctuation
    Species originate too quickly for paleontologists to trace their origins.

    Speciation
    Speciation is more likely to occur at the edge of a population, where a small group can become separated from the main population and undergo changes that give them a survival advantage.

    Fossil record
    The fossil record at any one site is unlikely to show the process of speciation.
Punctuated equilibrium has been applied to other fields, including organizational theory, the study of small work groups, and the study of technological change.

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I already showed you the science.

There is no "punctuated equilibrium".

What there is, is dynamics and catastrophes.

Catastrophes are more likely to occur from indels rather than simple substitutions. Chromosome duplication also plays a role.

You should study the human immune system. DNA is deliberately damaged to generate immunodiversity.

That's why two people with identical DNA can have radically different immune responses. Google COVID and identical twins.
There's no fossil evidence of the gradual transformation one morphology into another, only the two endpoints of a purported sequence of infinitesimally small transitions. The fossil record is completely consistent with the sudden appearance of already well developed animals, that's what the record shows.

Look at trilobites, the earliest fossils of these is dated at 520MYA but there's no fossil evidence that these "gradually" arose from some earlier arthropod that is clearly distinct from a trilobite.

If these had "evolved" then where are the fossils of the preceding forms of earlier arthropods? There's no trace, no fossil evidence anywhere we find trilobite fossils.

Look:

1735153760648.png


So there we are, arthropods appear out of nowhere in the fossil record! If trilobites evolved then where is the evidence of the gradual development and evolution of arthropods? Did a jellyfish one day give birth to a trilobite?

By the process defined for evolution by natural selection, we conclude that trilobites would NOT be the first arthropods but a specific snapshot of arthropods at a certain point in time - 520 MYA. There must have existed a huge number of generations of pre-trilobite organisms yet where are they?

The claim trilobites (arthropods) evolved implies millions of generations of earlier arthropods did exist, this has to be true if evolution is true. But there's no trace of any of them no matter how far back we look in the strata and no matter where on earth we do the looking.

To accept the claim that millions and millions of generations of early arthropods existed that led to the trilobite, without any evidence for that, is a belief, we must take the claim on faith and that's not a scientific claim.

So there's a very rational basis for my skepticism - the lack of evidence, if there's no evidence then I won't accept any claim about the natural world, that's not science.

So despite the sugar coating, the coercion, the derision shown to skeptics, the facts are the facts - the fossil record of arthropods is wholly consistent with the sudden (instantaneous) appearance of an already well developed and complex organism and this is the case with the Cambrian explosion in general, that's why paleontologists call it and "explosion".
 
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What does evolution rule out?
Read it as many times as it takes for you to get it. I was very specific and clear. Your childish display and playing stupid won't get you anywhere.

I mean, look where you are after decades of embarrassing yourself: anonymously shouting into the void on a political message board.

This is your lot in life, when it comes to science.
 
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View attachment 1057857
Punctuated equilibrium is a theory in evolutionary biology that describes how species evolve through long periods of stability and short periods of rapid change. The theory was originally developed by paleontologists to explain patterns in the fossil record.

The term was coined by Ernst Mayr and popularized by Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge.

None of them were paleontologists. Nor mathematicians.

Here are some key ideas of punctuated equilibrium:

  • Stasis
    After a species appears in the fossil record, it will remain stable for most of its geological history, showing little or no evolutionary change. This state is called stasis.
  • Punctuation
    Species originate too quickly for paleontologists to trace their origins.

    Speciation
    Speciation is more likely to occur at the edge of a population, where a small group can become separated from the main population and undergo changes that give them a survival advantage.

    Fossil record
    The fossil record at any one site is unlikely to show the process of speciation.
Punctuated equilibrium has been applied to other fields, including organizational theory, the study of small work groups, and the study of technological change.

The theory of dynamic catastrophe was developed by Rene Thom in the mid 1960's, and popularized by Christopher Zeeman. Thom was a topologist and received the Fields Medal, Brouwer Prize, and many other awards for his work.

Punctuated equilibrium is a vague non descriptive term for catastrophic dynamics. Dynamic systems often develop singularities that lead to changes in the shape and dimensionality of attractors.

There are only 7 types of dynamic catastrophes in 3 dimensions. They are examples of bifurcations. They typically arise around degenerate critical points of potential functions when the upper derivatives are zero's. To analyze these points you need to use the Taylor series around small perturbations. ("Calculus of variations", the result being stability in the form of a Lyapunov function).

The mathematics of evolution has advanced well beyond "punctuated equilibrium". The first person to describe the dynamics of punctuated equilibrium was the evolutionary biologist TC Hsu in 1968. Since that time we are focused on the chemical kinetics of nucleotide and protein interactions. Here is an example from about 10 years ago:


Here is a more recent example:

 
The term was coined by Ernst Mayr and popularized by Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge.

None of them were paleontologists. Nor mathematicians.



The theory of dynamic catastrophe was developed by Rene Thom in the mid 1960's, and popularized by Christopher Zeeman. Thom was a topologist and received the Fields Medal, Brouwer Prize, and many other awards for his work.

Punctuated equilibrium is a vague non descriptive term for catastrophic dynamics. Dynamic systems often develop singularities that lead to changes in the shape and dimensionality of attractors.

There are only 7 types of dynamic catastrophes in 3 dimensions. They are examples of bifurcations. They typically arise around degenerate critical points of potential functions when the upper derivatives are zero's. To analyze these points you need to use the Taylor series around small perturbations. ("Calculus of variations", the result being stability in the form of a Lyapunov function).

The mathematics of evolution has advanced well beyond "punctuated equilibrium". The first person to describe the dynamics of punctuated equilibrium was the evolutionary biologist TC Hsu in 1968. Since that time we are focused on the chemical kinetics of nucleotide and protein interactions. Here is an example from about 10 years ago:


Here is a more recent example:

Haha let me clear this up for you because you're obviously pretty confused. Your argument here is known as the "catastrophe of the gaps" argument and it proves just how indoctrinated you are; the irony :auiqs.jpg:

When the evidence for some claimed process does not exist, just attribute the process to a "catastrophe" and that will magically make everything better again. You're no less faith based than the idiotic Bible thumpers you so often ridicule.

Take a look at Hiroshima photographs from 1945 and see what catastrophes actually do.

You've made my day man, Happy Xmas to you!
 
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Haha let me clear this up for you because you're obviously pretty confused. Your argument here is known as the "catastrophe of the gaps" argument and it proves just how indoctrinated you are; the irony :auiqs.jpg:

When the evidence for some claimed process does not exist, just attribute the process to a "catastrophe" and that will magically make everything better again. You're no less faith based than the idiotic Bible thumpers you so often ridicule.

Take a look at Hiroshima photographs from 1945 and see what catastrophes actually do.

You've made my day man, Happy Xmas to you!

Ignorant moron. ^^^

The human globin gene family is a direct result of gene duplication.

You have a lot to learn. Best to start reading.

Come back when you understand the difference between tandem duplication and displaced duplication.

And when you can tell us about deliberate gene alteration in the human immune system, and how it relates to the kinetics of a disease.
 
Ignorant moron. ^^^

The human globin gene family is a direct result of gene duplication.

You have a lot to learn. Best to start reading.

Come back when you understand the difference between tandem duplication and displaced duplication.

And when you can tell us about deliberate gene alteration in the human immune system, and how it relates to the kinetics of a disease.
Rather than attacking silly strawman arguments that you've made up out of desperation, try to find some evidence of continuity in the fossil record that shed's light on the instantaneous appearance of trilobites and many other disparate complex life 500 MYA - which was the subject being discussed when you excitedly replied to me out of context and off topic.

Why are there no fossils ever found of any kind of arthropod prior to trilobites? [He will not answer this question]

The answer - obviously - is that there were no arthropods until they instantaneously appeared 520 MYA - that's consistent with the observations we've made for 200 hundreds years.

Life - like the universe itself - did not appear "gradually" that's one of the greatest lies being told to students today.

Put another way, what would the fossil record look like if fully formed complex phyla (like arthropods) just appeared in an instant 520 MYA ? answer - it would look like it does look.

Run along now, grab your ideological security blanket which is known as the "catastrophe of the gaps" argument and stop pretending to be in my intellectual league.

Read my signature

How often have I said to you that when you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth.

I follow the evidence not some doctrine not some dogma as you do.
 
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Rather than attacking silly strawman arguments that you've made up out of desperation, try to find some evidence of continuity in the fossil record that shed's light on the instantaneous appearance of trilobites and many other disparate complex life 500 MYA - which was the subject being discussed when you excitedly replied to me out of context and off topic.

Why are there no fossils ever found of any kind of arthropod prior to trilobites? [He will not answer this question]

The answer - obviously - is that there were no arthropods until they instantaneously appeared 520 MYA - that's consistent with the observations we've made for 200 hundreds years.

Life - like the universe itself - did not appear "gradually" that's one of the greatest lies being told to students today.

Put another way, what would the fossil record look like if fully formed complex phyla (like arthropods) just appeared in an instant 520 MYA ? answer - it would look like it does look.

Run along now, grab your ideological security blanket which is known as the "catastrophe of the gaps" argument and stop pretending to be in my intellectual league.

Read my signature

How often have I said to you that when you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth.

I follow the evidence not some doctrine not some dogma as you do.
You're still blathering and not reading.

Hop to it, son.
 
You're still blathering and not reading.

Hop to it, son.
Like I said, you will not answer this fundamental question (and please don't say a "catastrophedidit").

Why are there no fossils ever found of any kind of arthropod prior to trilobites? [He will not answer this question]
 
Kwazy Kweationist Deniers say there's "No evidence".
This is one of the best of an Overwhelming body of such.
People get convicted of crimes, including murder, 'beyond a reasonable doubt' on cases that are not as strong as the one for Evo.
Good circumstantial cases are better than eyewitness ones. The latter being the "proof" kweationists goofily demand.

With these Vestiges, DNA, etc, life can traced to a continuum, with many creatures, including us and other MAMMALS, having anatomical vestiges of our evolutionary ancestors.
An 'immaculate' creation event wouldn't leave useless organs/etc.

Article heavily edited. Only about 5% here, and no pix.

29+ Evidences for Macroevolution
29+ Evidences for Macroevolution: Part 2
Douglas Theobald, Ph.D.
Prediction 2.1: Anatomical vestiges

[....]Geoffroy was at a loss for why exactly nature "always leaves vestiges of an organ", yet he could not deny his empirical observations. Ten years later, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) identified several vestigial structures in his Zoological Philosophy.
[....] these "Hypocritical" structures profess something that they do Not do-they clearly appear designed for a certain function which they do Not perform. However, Common Descent provides a scientific explanation for these peculiar structures. Existing species have different structures and perform different functions. If all living organisms descended from a common ancestor, then both functions and structures necessarily have been gained and lost in each lineage during Macroevolutionary history. Therefore, from Common Descent and the constraint of gradualism, we predict that many organisms should retain vestigial structures as structural remnants of lost functions....

Confirmation:
.....For example..independent phylogenetic evidence, snakes are known to be the descendants of four-legged reptiles. Most Pythons (legless snakes) carry Vestigial Pelvises hidden beneath their skin.. The Vestigial pelvis in Pythons is Not attached to vertebrae (as the normal case in most vertebrates), and it simply floats in the abdominal cavity. Some lizards carry rudimentary, Vestigial Legs underneath their skin, undetectable from the outside...Many cave dwelling animals, such as the fish Astyanax mexicanus (Mexican tetra)... are blind yet have rudimentary, Vestigial eyes....
[....]
The ancestors of Humans are known to have been Herbivorous, and molar teeth are required for chewing and grinding plant material. Over 90% of all adult humans develop third molars (otherwise known as Wisdom Teeth).
Usually these teeth never erupt from the gums, and in one Third of all individuals they are Malformed and Impacted. These Useless teeth can cause significant pain, increased risk for injury, and may result in illness and even death.

Another Vestige of our Herbivorous ancestry is the vermiform appendix. While this intestinal structure may retain a function of some sort, perhaps in the development of the immune system, it is a rudimentary version of the much larger caecum that is essential for digestion of plants in other mammals..."

Yet another human Vestigial structure is the Coccyx, the four fused caudal vertebrae found at the base of the spine, exactly where most mammals and many other primates have external Tails protruding from the back. Humans and other apes are some of the only vertebrates that lack an external tail as an adult. The coccyx is a developmental Remnant of the embryonic tail that forms in humans and then is degraded and eaten by our immune system ... Our internal tail is Unnecessary for sitting, walking, and elimination (all of which are functions attributed to the coccyx by many anti-evolutionists). The caudal vertebrae of the coccyx can cause extreme and unnecessary chronic pain in some unfortunate people, a condition called coccydynia. The entire coccyx can be surgically removed without any ill effects..
[.....]​
Why hasn’t Islam evolved?
 
Read it as many times as it takes for you to get it. I was very specific and clear. Your childish display and playing stupid won't get you anywhere.

I mean, look where you are after decades of embarrassing yourself: anonymously shouting into the void on a political message board.

This is your lot in life, when it comes to science.
Defect fight

🍿
 
I Taught you about that. (Punctuated Equilibrium)
LOL, you Lying 5-word little Fool.
Why didn't you check before makling the claim?
Answer? You're not smart enough/Don't care enough about anything to look it up!
It's so easy.

I used the term as far back as 2013 and also in 2014 and 2015, etc, etc, etc.

While You weren't even a member until 2016.
You Stupid assh0le.

`
 
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LOL, you Lying Little Fool.
Why didn't you check before makling the claim?
Answer? You're not smart enough/Don't care enough about anything to look it up!
It's so easy.

I used the term a far back as 2013 and also in 2014 and 2015, etc, etc, etc.

While You weren't even a member until 2016.
You Stupid assh0le.

`
I love teaching you stuff.
 
Like I said, you will not answer this fundamental question (and please don't say a "catastrophedidit").

Why are there no fossils ever found of any kind of arthropod prior to trilobites? [He will not answer this question]
Are you making a "God-of-the-Gaps-in-the-Fossil-Record" argument?

Two questions:
  1. There is a scientific 'tree of life' that has been assembled over centuries. Of the trillions of fossils found, why have we not found a single one that violates that sequence?
    41586_2016_BF540038a_Figa_HTML.jpg
  2. What is the alternative theory you do believe for how species came to be? Punctuated Creation?
 
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