Just one quick response before I go do something more useful:
There is abundant energy on the moon which can be used to create more energy and that primary energy source is solar energy.
I realize that most of what we need to do there can not be done solely by means of solar energy, but solar energy can be used in connection and in tandem with other souirces to boost the energy output to levels useful for those more demanding needs. It will be a stepped or staged process. An engineer knows that much more can be accomplished by staging than by a single massive effort.
(I'll get into the rest of your reply a little later)
EDIT: Oxygen is super-abundant on the Moon, add to that hydrogen.......
Oxygen is a very poor energy source. Solar power just isn't "high output".
To build factories on the moon is a very "long term" project. Especially since you would have to import "water". No way to make water "smaller". It's not something you could freeze dry.
But a space station on the other hand.
There are alloys you can make in zero gravity you can't easily make on earth. Think oil and vinegar. In space, they wouldn't separate.
Something as simple as "ball bearings". In space, you can make absolutely perfect ball bearings of any size, because they won't be distorted by gravity. Why would that be important? Perfect ball bearings require only a fraction the energy to start moving. Perfect ball bearings reduce the static friction coefficient.
Those are just two examples. There are hundreds more covering everything from composites to medicine to chemicals.
And the best part, it's only a couple of hundred miles overhead. The distance from Chicago to the space station could be less than the distance from Chicago to London.
The problems with the moon are many. It's not zero gravity, it's very far away, it has no "real" water.
A space station is right over head, you can get to it in less than two hours and it has zero gravity. With a commercial fleet of space shuttles, you can certainly turn the space station into a money making and lucrative venture, not to mention the possibility of "tourism".
The moon program may have spurred the necessity of the computer, but it was computer games and movies that made computers what they are today. It wasn't until computers became a "consumer" item that there was unlimited money to develop it.
The moon is just too far away and dangerous. We can make a "safe" space station.
You know, I would have thought Republicans would be all over this because of the money making potential. But, because of the science, maybe not. They're not very fond of "science".