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' A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State'.
The vision of an American militia goes back even before the
United States Constitution or the founding of the United States. In most states in
colonial America, all able-bodied men were considered to be part of the militia – through which the individual towns and cities would provide for the common defense.
A militia is explicitly mentioned in the United States Constitution, prior to the Bill of Rights.
Article I, Section 8, drafted around the same time as the founding of the
Springfield Armory (ground zero for American ammunition manufacturing), mentions it three times alone:
- To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions
- To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress
Article II, Section 2 designates the President of the United States as the “Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States.”