The 1st Amendment is one of the weakest parts of the Constitution. It is riddled with exceptions. (slander, libel, perjury, inciting a riot, obscenity laws, sedition, fighting words, threats, child porn, etc)
On the opposite end, we have the strongest part of the Constitution - the Supremacy Clause (Article 6, Section 2), for which there are no exceptions. Muslims often have a problem with this, thinking that they are an exception (Islam being a supremacist ideology). EARTH TO MUSLIMS: The Supremacy Clause has NO EXCEPTIONS.
The view people need to take of rights, the clauses of which take AWAY the power of the US govt, compared to the rest of the constitution which empowers the federal govt, is that you have the right to do anything, as long as you don't hurt others.
The 1A has many exceptions because the theory of rights says that the right to free speech doesn't protect an individual harming other. So child pornography clearly harms children. Slander harms the person being slandered, treason harms the country and so on.
Every right has a limitation. It doesn't matter if there are considered loads of exceptions or very few, the limitations are based on harm.
The 2A limits who can own weapons, those convicted in a court can have their arms taken off them because they have proven they not necessarily for the ideals of the land, and a potential danger. The same with the right to bear arms, the right to be in the militia.
However some rights are not infringed upon after due process, whereas some are. It all depends on what it is about.
You need a body to interpret the constitution because, quite frankly, millions of Americans don't have a clue about the constitution, and should you expect them to? Back in the day these were people who couldn't even read, let alone figure out the constitution, the founders gave judicial power but didn't explain it, probably because they just thought it was quite obvious what judicial power was.
The question of whether someone thinks the constitution is a living document or not depends on how they set out their argument. Scala might be saying that the founding fathers intentions should be taken into account, and be the main focus, i wouldn't disagree with this.
However the constitution was designed to live with the age.
So, the 1A was designed to allow people to talk about politics. Do people still have the right to talk? Yes they do, nothing has changed, however the internet, telephones etc exist now, and the constitution has to be interpreted to consider how this new technology works within the intentions of the founding fathers.