In April or May 2002, the Iranians passed Zarqawi across the border into Iraqi Kurdistan, and the camps of Ansar al-Islam, an al-Qaeda-backed Islamic terrorist organisation led by Mullah Krekar.11 Iran is believed to have supported Ansar al-Islam as a way of undermining the larger, secular Kurdish parties.
Jordanian members of Zarqawi's network, including an explosives expert, had already been with Ansar al-Islam since 1998-1999, so he was able to establish a new base of operations strategically located on the edge of the Arab world.
Jordanian authorities have claimed that Zarqawi entered Jordan through Syria in late 2002. One month after this alleged visit, US Ambassador Laurence Foley was assassinated. Three suspects were arrested, and they claimed that Zarqawi had instigated the attack.
Various accusations have been made about Zarqawi's time with Ansar al-Islam - that Zarqawi was treated in a hospital in Baghdad, that he and Ansar al-Islam were working with Saddam through the alleged mukhabarat agent Abu Wa'il, and that Ansar al-Islam manufactured ricin that later surfaced in Europe. These accusations are difficult to verify, but what is clear is that Zarqawi was well positioned to lead the Islamic wing of the insurgency when March 2003 invasion took place. Whether he remained in Ansar al-Islam camps until April 2003 or laid the preparations for the war during extensive visits to Baghdad and the Sunni Triangle14 is uncertain, but clearly he emerged as an important figure in the insurgency soon after the Coalition invasion.
Although Zarqawi had still not declared bayat to bin Laden, he met with al-Qaeda's military chief, Muhammad 'Ibrahim Makawi, aka Saif al-Adel, in March 2003. Zarqawi agreed to coordinate the entry of al-Qaeda operatives into Iraq from Syria. This essentially made Zarqawi the terrorist 'Emir' of Iraq.