BY THE NUMBERS: THE HOLOCAUST:
Jewish Victims of the Holocaust*
Country
Minimum Loss
Maximum Loss
% of Jewish Population
Austria
50,000
50,000
27%
Belgium
28,900
28,900
44%
Bohemia and Moravia
78,150
78,150
66%
Bulgaria
0
0
0%
Denmark
60
60
0.7%
Estonia
1,500
2,000
44%
Finland
7
7
0.3%
France
77,320
77,320
22%
Germany
134,500
141,500
25%
Greece
60,000
67,000
86%
Hungary
550,000
569,000
69%
Italy
7,680
7,680
17%
Latvia
70,000
71,500
78%
Lithuania
140,000
143,000
85%
Luxembourg
1,950
1,950
56%
Netherlands
100,000
100,000
71%
Norway
762
762
45%
Poland
2,900,000
3,000,000
90%
Romania
271,000
287,000
47%
Slovakia
68,000
71,000
80%
Soviet Union
1,000,000
1,100,000
36%
Yugoslavia
56,200
63,300
81%
*As many as five million non-Jews—people seen as enemies of the Third Reich—were also killed in the Holocaust, including Communists, Roma, Serbs, Polish intelligentsia, political opponents, resistance fighters, homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and the physically and mentally disabled.
Definitions
- Concentration Camps: Facilities established by the Nazis where civilians (mostly Jews), political prisoners, and sometimes prisoners of war were confined, typically under harsh conditions. The concentration camp system was organized and run by the SS, under the leadership of Heinrich Himmler. Most concentration camps functioned as slave labor camps, where the inmates were forced to work to support the Nazi war effort.
- Extermination Camps: Facilities established for the large-scale, industrial murder mostly of European Jews. All of the Nazi’s extermination camps were located in Poland.
- Nacht und Nebel Camps: The Nazis’ Nacht und Nebel (Night and Fog) campaign resulted in the kidnapping and disappearance of political enemies of the state. These prisoners were not allowed any contact with family, so no one would ever know what happened to them.
- Transit Camps: Facilities where prisoners were gathered and detained prior to being deported to concentration camps or extermination camps.
Extermination Camps
Name
Country
Number of Deaths
Auschwitz-Birkenau
Poland
Over 1,000,000
Belzec
Poland
435,000
Chelmno
Poland
150,000
Majdanek
Poland
78,000
Sobibor
Poland
200,000
Treblinka
Poland
870,000
Major Concentration Camps
Name
Country
Description
Dachau
Germany
Labor Camp—200,000 held; 32,000 deaths; the first German concentration camp, established in 1933, soon after Hitler’s rise to power
Buchenwald
Germany
Labor Camp—250,000 held; 56,000 deaths; the largest concentration camp in Germany
Mauthausen
Austria
Labor Camp—195,000 held; 95,000 deaths; included more than 50 sub-camps
Bergen-Belsen
Germany
Collection Point—70,000 deaths
Flossenberg
Germany
Labor Camp—100,000 held; 30,000 deaths
Dora-Mittelbau
Germany
Labor Camp—60,000 held; 20,000 deaths; provided slave labor for German V-2 rocket production
Gross-Rosen
Germany (Poland today)
Labor Camp and Nacht und Nebel Camp—125,000 held; 40,000 deaths; included up to 60 sub-camps
Ravensbrueck
Germany
Labor Camp for Women—150,000 held; 90,000 deaths
Westerbork
Netherlands
Transit Camp—102,000 Dutch Jews deported to extermination camps
Sachsenhausen
Germany
Labor Camp—200,000 held; 100,000 deaths
Plaszow
Poland
Labor Camp—150,000 held; 9,000 deaths; it was from here that German industrialist Oscar Schindler saved 1,200 Jews
Drancy
France
Transit camp—70,000 French Jews deported to extermination camps
Theresienstadt
Germany (Czech Republic today)
Transit Camp and Ghetto—140,000 held; 35,000 deaths
Stutthof
Poland
Labor Camp—110,000 held; 65,000 deaths; first concentration camp built by Germans outside Germany
Neuengamme
Germany
Labor Camp—106,000 held; 43,000 deaths
Natzweiler-Struthof
France
Labor Camp; Nacht und Nebel Camp—40,000 held; 25,000 deaths; the only German-built concentration camp in France (Vichy France controlled others)
Jasenovac
Yugoslavia (Croatia today)
Concentration and Extermination Camp—100,000 held; 100,000 deaths