This is actually the exact report I was referring to.
So this is from your link, and right off the bat, we can see that the quality of health care given, is not the primary focus.
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So just look at the information from your own link.
They have 5 total categories that are being evaluated.
Level of Health.
Equity of Health.
level of Responsiveness.
Equity of Responsiveness.
Fairness in Financing.
So right off the bat, you can see very clearly that 3 out of 5 categories have nothing to do with the ability of the health care system to identify an illness, treat the illness, and heal the patient.
Fairness in Financing, equality of responsiveness and equality of health, have nothing to do with the quality of the care. It's simply measuring how socialized the system is.
By that logic, Cuba would score pretty high, because Cuba has equal care... equally crap care... but equal care. They might not have Aspirin, but then.... no one does, so therefore it's equal, and equal is good. No rich person is able to get Aspirin when the poor cannot. Rich people are all equally told they can't get Aspirin, and the financing for the aspirin is equally shared by everyone.
Compared to the US, where rich can get more aspirin, they can pay for faster delivery of aspirin, and the financing is unequally levied to those who want aspirin. Of course everyone is able to get aspirin, but that's not good, because it's still not equal when the rich can get more.
Thus Cuba will score higher on three out of five categories, even while people in Cuba often can't find any medications at all.
That leaves level of responsiveness and level of health.
So do either of those two categories actually look at the quality of the care?
Level of responsiveness. So your link, only referenced another report, again by the WHO, which again I've already read, but here it is anyway:
https://www.who.int/responsiveness/papers/paper21.pdf
So starting on Page 5, you can see a clear outline of how they determined "level of responsiveness".
They sent out an opinion survey, which gave patients a chance to give subjective answers.
The survey had questions regarding the following topics of Dignity, Autonomy, Quality of Amenities, Confidentiality, Prompt Attention, and overall.
Again... nearly all of these are subjective, not empirical.
For example, Dignity is subjective. It's not something that can be impartially measured. Two people can be treated exactly the same, and one claim it was horrific, and the other think it was great treatment.
Regardless, it's not a measure of the quality of care. The care could be the best care in the world, and the person say they were not treated with dignity.
Quality of Amenities. Again subjective. One person can be ecstatic they have a ceiling fan to keep them cool, while another can be ticked off they don't have wifi and cable TV to watch.
Regardless, it still does not measure the quality of the actual care. If I die from my illness, the fact they had HBO and STARZ in all the rooms, doesn't matter much.
The only thing in this category that actually relates to quality of care, is response time. Unfortunately, even there, some of the questions were worded poorly, and were subjective. For example, they asked was the wait time to see a doctor reasonable? Well reasonable is subjective. Most Americans would be shocked by the 3 month long wait in Canada to see a doctor. But in Canada, that is considered "reasonable". In the UK, if people wait a month to see a doctor, and that is considered 'reasonable'.
FYI, I'm not making this up. Steven Crowder interviewed a patient who waited 6 months for knee surgery in Canada. When he pointed out that in the US, the wait time was under a week, the Canadian patient said he was lying, because all appointments are months long. Again, to her (the patient in Canada) waiting months on months was normal.
So if people in the US wait a week, and think that is unreasonable, and people in Canada wait a month and think that is very reasonable, we would look bad in comparison, while having the better quality of care.
So that leaves just Level of Health.
Level of health, spans many things, and not all of which are connected to the quality of care.
That's why they say level of health, and not level of care. Level of care would imply looking at the actual quality of care. Level of health, can mean many things.
For example life expectancy. Life expectancy is affected by many things that the health care sector has no control over. Such as auto fatalities. So unless you expect doctors to run out on the highway, and stop people from crashing... then that is a large affect on life expectancy, that has nothing to do with health care. Equally, homicides, have nothing to do with health care.
Then you have efficiency, which you mentioned before.
I'm not even sure what the point of that is. Does it matter how 'efficient the system is, if you die?
Really? If you die, when you could have lived.... does it matter if they let you die very efficiently?
Would not the better measurement be, survival rates? The rate at which the health care system diagnoses, treats, and heals patients? Would not that be the defacto standard of the quality of care, rather than how efficiently it does it?
Because I can say for certain, that would matter more to me. If I end up in a grave, I'm not sure I'd care much about how efficiently the system got me into a grave. Living, and surviving, would be a far more important to any patient.
I guarantee that if you have a person offered the option of going to two different hospitals, one with a 50% chance of surviving but extremely efficient, and the other very inefficient, with a 90% survival rate.... they are all going for the inefficient hospital. Every single one of them. Guarantee it.
So I would even make the clear case that even their category of "Level of Health" is only loosely connected to the quality of the care.
Regardless, at the very best.... the most generous I can be with the WHO report, only 1/5th of the entire report, even related to the quality of health care services, and that is dubious at best.
So when you judge national health care systems, based on every metric, but the one that counts.... survival rates.... then yes, the US fair poorly when you don't care about the quality of the care.