How do we Know Human are Causing Climate Change?

Ok, then show me the math, dummy.


Don't have to, rather, you have to refute the claim of how much air is trapped in Antarctic ice...
 
The Vikings farmed the southern tip of Greenland until the 1400s when the Greenland ice age finally made it to the southern tip and froze out the Vikings. That was a big Global COOLING talking point in the 1970s.
That's nice. For most of the last 3 million years much of the northern hemisphere has been a frigid wasteland.
 
When did this conspiracy start?


Mann, Hansen, and Gore were all very young when the 1970s Global Cooling theory materialized and then sank...

But the research for Global Cooling showed Mann and Hansen the Urban Heat Island Effect. Hence, these two sick liars realized if they just kept measuring temps from the surface of growing urban areas, they would have "warming" and could blame it on anything, specifically huge corporations with much to gain from SUING THEM in court.
 
That's nice. For most of the last 3 million years much of the northern hemisphere has been a frigid wasteland.


Greenland froze while North America thawed.

Was that a glacial or an interglacial???
 
Mann, Hansen, and Gore were all very young when the 1970s Global Cooling theory materialized and then sank...

But the research for Global Cooling showed Mann and Hansen the Urban Heat Island Effect. Hence, these two sick liars realized if they just kept measuring temps from the surface of growing urban areas, they would have "warming" and could blame it on anything, specifically huge corporations with much to gain from SUING THEM in court.
The paleoclimate data I have been sharing are quite a bit older than that. Must be some massive conspiracy, right? Did they travel back in time to fudge the data?
 
Greenland froze while North America thawed.

Was that a glacial or an interglacial???
That's nice. Now explain the rest of the empirical climate evidence of the geologic record.
glacial cycles.png



ocean temperature.png



1673744930146.png



glacial mininum and interglacial maximum.jpg



F2.large.jpg



glacial cycles.gif
 
The paleoclimate data I have been sharing are quite a bit older than that. Must be some massive conspiracy, right? Did they travel back in time to fudge the data?


Before 2012, the North American Ice Age had a duration of 50 million years. Then your Co2 FRAUD fudged it with McBullshit.
 
Before 2012, the North American Ice Age had a duration of 50 million years. Then your Co2 FRAUD fudged it with McBullshit.
This data is older than that.
It's just empirical climate evidence of the geologic record.
glacial cycles.png



ocean temperature.png



1673744930146.png



glacial mininum and interglacial maximum.jpg



F2.large.jpg



glacial cycles.gif
 
In the 1970s, the Soviet Union drilled a set of cores 500–952 metres (1,640–3,123 ft) deep. These have been used to study the oxygen isotope composition of the ice, which showed that ice of the last glacial period was present below about 400 metres' depth. Then three more holes were drilled: in 1984, Hole 3G reached a final depth of 2,202 m; in 1990, Hole 4G reached a final depth of 2,546 m; and in 1993 Hole 5G reached a depth of 2,755 m; after a brief closure, drilling continued during the winter of 1995. In 1996 it was stopped at depth 3,623 m, by the request of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research that expressed worries about possible contamination of Lake Vostok. This ice core, drilled collaboratively with the French, produced a record of past environmental conditions stretching back 420,000 years and covering four previous glacial periods. For a long time it was the only core to cover several glacial cycles; but in 2004 it was exceeded by the EPICA core, which, whilst shallower, covers a longer time span. In 2003 drilling was permitted to continue, but was halted at the estimated distance to the lake of only 130 m.
 
In the 1970s, the Soviet Union drilled a set of cores 500–952 metres (1,640–3,123 ft) deep. These have been used to study the oxygen isotope composition of the ice, which showed that ice of the last glacial period was present below about 400 metres' depth. Then three more holes were drilled: in 1984, Hole 3G reached a final depth of 2,202 m; in 1990, Hole 4G reached a final depth of 2,546 m; and in 1993 Hole 5G reached a depth of 2,755 m; after a brief closure, drilling continued during the winter of 1995. In 1996 it was stopped at depth 3,623 m, by the request of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research that expressed worries about possible contamination of Lake Vostok. This ice core, drilled collaboratively with the French, produced a record of past environmental conditions stretching back 420,000 years and covering four previous glacial periods. For a long time it was the only core to cover several glacial cycles; but in 2004 it was exceeded by the EPICA core, which, whilst shallower, covers a longer time span. In 2003 drilling was permitted to continue, but was halted at the estimated distance to the lake of only 130 m.
The oxygen isotope curve, primarily used to study past climate changes, was developed and significantly refined during the 1950sby researchers like Cesare Emiliani, who utilized the relationship between oxygen isotopes in marine organisms' shells and water temperature to reconstruct past climate variations.

1728949079878.webp

1728949097186.webp
 
During a glacial period, the dominant radiative forcing component
That paper talked about forcings during the last deglaciation event. As we are not in a deglaciation event now, it has no relevance.

Prior to the industrial age, the last 6000 years saw a slow cooling trend. Earth was cooling. Human-emitted greenhouse gases overrode the cooling effect and added fast warming on top.
 
Can you show me on this table which natural factors you are speaking about that are pushing the earth towards cooling?
Orbital forcing isn't on that chart, since it's a chart of changes from the baseline, and the baseline is set by the orbital forcing.
 
That paper talked about forcings during the last deglaciation event. As we are not in a deglaciation event now, it has no relevance.

Prior to the industrial age, the last 6000 years saw a slow cooling trend. Earth was cooling. Human-emitted greenhouse gases overrode the cooling effect and added fast warming on top.
You said the earth was slowly naturally cooling. What was causing the earth to slowly cool and why isn't it listed in the IPCC reports?
 
Orbital forcing isn't on that chart, since it's a chart of changes from the baseline, and the baseline is set by the orbital forcing.
If it's not on the chart then it must be so insignificant it doesn't warrant being on the chart. Do you suppose they forgot to add something that was supposed to be making the planet cooler?
 
Hell no. Where do you come up with this nonsense? And why do you expect to be taken seriously, given how clueless you are about the basics?

Holocene_Temperature_Variations.png
And why doesn't this graph have the hockey stick you idiots always show? So the next time you show that ridiculous graph I'll have to show you this one, right?
 
There are dozens of research papers on this, the range is 50%+ higher SAP to 5 fold.

How much air is trapped in Antarctic ice relative to all the air in the atmosphere now....

How much air is trapped in Antarctic ice relative to all the air in the atmosphere now....

Next to nothing.
 

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